Editorial Vol. 2 Núm. 1

Gómez, Oscar Yecid Aparicio; Gómez, William Oswaldo Aparicio

doi:10.51660/ripie.v2i1.97

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Here, it seems that The urban planner met the Mediterranean: the memories of the old medinas and historic quarters with their web of tight corners and narrow streets filled with intense life, alleviated finally by the splendid breadth of the plazas. 189 This ideology, about raising a truly national architecture, modern and avant-gardist at the same time, rooted in the tradition and in earth, was also manifest in the sculpture erected by Alberto Sánchez, entitled The Spanish People Have a Path Which Leads to a Star, that stood in front of the pavilion. In his complex organization and construction methods, the pavilion was an expression of Spain's complex multi-identitarian reality.…”

Section: The Plan Macía and The Casa Bloc: Mediterranean Modernism In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…188 For the magazine and the Chug, European modernism was the solution and the architects claimed cleanliness, simplicity and the white apartment or house as a "liberation from memories of the past," a policy that included the rejection of Palestinian traditions, in this case Arab architecture and the Arab village. 189 The resulting society in Mandate Palestine enticed the rise or rather the creation of a "new Jew," for whom the New Architecture would provide "a house free of past memories" 190 : "a new Jew, a Nietzschean Superman, a secular man of nature who lives a productive life in the village and will lead the Jewish people on the path of national rejuvenation" 191 The last issue of Habinyan (1938) was specifically dedicated to the "Villages in Palestine." In his introduction, Julius Posener analyzed the pros and cons of the vernacular settlements.…”

Section: Exhibition Of Plans and Photographs Representing The Work Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Richard Kauffmann disappeared from sight and the new villages were implemented under the authority of Arieh Sharon (1900Sharon ( -1984, the new head of Planning Division of the Prime Minister's Office. 189 Julius Posener, "The village in the Land of Israel," (in Hebrew), Habinyan 1-2, 1938; quoted in Haim Yacobi and Hadas Shadar, "The Arab Village: A Genealogy of (Post)Colonial Imagination," The Journal of Architecture 19, nº 6, 2014, pp. 977.…”

Section: Exhibition Of Plans and Photographs Representing The Work Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density of the ruined town (more than 80% of built area), the difficulties at removing the rubble, and the ideological statements of Franco about the ruins as symbol favored the reconstruction on an nearby site, where "new towers will be erected, and farm houses of enjoyable layout, and parks and gardens, and sports fields, and squares…." 189 Any visitor of the reconstructed town would clearly realize that the new Belchite has nothing of a "mausoleum that perpetuates the figure of the New Power" as Carlos Sambricio wrote in Que coman República. 190 For its modest size (1600 residents in 2015), Belchite is a modern town, equipped with all necessary infrastructures such as school, town hall, church, sport fields, public garden, and a good diversity of commercial spaces.…”

Section: Reconstruction In the North (Guadalajara And Lérida)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, with the opening of the architectural milieu to international contacts and realizations at the beginning of the 1950s, it can be assumed that, in general, most architects were increasingly aware of the new trends, thanks to events like the Triennale of Milan, the distribution of periodicals such as Casabella Continuità and Urbanistica, Aalto's visit, and their own travel abroad. 189 A section of the Triennale of 1951-where José Antonio Coderch was the author of the Spanish pavilion, which was visited by many Spanish architects-was dedicated to the Q.T.8 project for the periphery of Milan. Directed by Piero Bottoni, the masterplan included a neighborhood core that reflected the new trend, and to some extent, anticipated the new concept of the core as discussed in the 1950s.…”

Section: The Civic Center As the Heart Of The City: Ciam VIII (Hoddes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Built Utopias in the Countryside: The Rural and the Modern in Franco’s Spain

Lejeune¹

2019

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Anchored by Hüppauf and Umbach’s notion of Vernacular Modernism and focusing on architecture and urbanism during Franco’s dictatorship from 1939 to 1975, this thesis challenges the hegemonic and Northern-oriented narrative of urban modernity. It develops arguments about the reciprocal influences between the urban and the rural that characterize Spanish modernity, and analyzes the intense architectural and urban debates that resulted from the crisis of 1898, as they focused on the importance of vernacular architecture, in particular the Mediterranean one, in the definition of an “other modernity.” This search culminated before 1936 with the “Lessons of Ibiza,” and was revived at the beginning of the 1950s, when architects like Coderch, Fisac, Bohigas, and the cosigners of the Manifiesto de la Alhambra brought back the discourse of the modern vernacular as a politically acceptable form of Spanish modernity, and extended its field of application from the individual house and the rural architecture to the urban conditions, including social and middle-class housing. The core of the dissertation addresses the 20th century phenomenon of the modern agricultural village as built emergence of a rural paradigm of modernity in parallel or alternative to the metropolitan condition. In doing so, it interrogates the question of tradition, modernity, and national identity in urban form between the 1920s and the 1960s. Regarding Spain, it studies the actuation of the two Institutes that were created to implement the Francoist policy of post-war reconstruction and interior colonization—the Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas, and the Instituto Nacional de Colonización. It examines the ideological, political, urban, and architectural principles of Franco’s reconstruction of the devastated countryside, as well as his grand “hydro-social dream” of modernization of the countryside. It analyzes their role in national-building policies in liaison with the early 20th-century Regenerationist Movement of Joaquín Costa, the first works of hydraulic infrastructure under Primo de Rivera, and the aborted agrarian reform of the Second Republic. Inspired by the Zionist colonization of Palestine and Mussolini’s reclaiming of the Pontine Marshes, Falangist planners developed a national strategy of “interior colonization” that, along with the reclamation and irrigation of extensive and unproductive river basins, entailed the construction of three hundred modern villages or pueblos between 1940 and 1971. Each village was designed as a “rural utopia,” centered on a plaza mayor and the church, which embodied the political ideal of civil life under the nationalcatholic regime and evolved from a traditional town design in the 1940s to an increasingly abstract and modern vision, anchored on the concept of the “Heart of the City” after 1952. The program was an important catalyst for the development of Spanish modern architecture after the first period of autarchy and an effective incubator for a new generation of architects, including Alejandro de la Sota, José Luis Fernández del Amo, and others. Between tradition and modernity, these architects reinvented the pueblos as platforms of urban and architectonic experimentation in their search for a depurated rural vernacular and a modern urban form. Whereas abstraction was the primary design tool that Fernández del Amo deployed to the limits of the continuity of urban form, de la Sota reversed the fundamental reference to the countryside that characterizes Spanish surrealism to bring surrealism within the process of rural modernization in Franco’s Spain.

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Section: The Plan Macía and The Casa Bloc: Mediterranean Modernism In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exhibition Of Plans and Photographs Representing The Work Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exhibition Of Plans and Photographs Representing The Work Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reconstruction In the North (Guadalajara And Lérida)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Civic Center As the Heart Of The City: Ciam VIII (Hoddes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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