Editorial: Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines

Subiza, José Luis; Palomares, Óscar; Quinti, Isabella; Sánchez-Ramón, Silvia

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.716296

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, trained immunity can be represented by augmented (training) or suppressed (tolerance) innate immune responses ( 24 ). Trained immunity-based vaccines offer several advantages such as broader non-specific protection against different pathogens based on trained innate immune cells and intrinsic adjuvant that elicit augmented adaptive immune responses to their own antigens and to the bystander antigens as well ( 25 ). Recently, trained immunity has been demonstrated in porcine monocytes in vitro ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-D-glucan-based vaccine adjuvants: Current status and future perspectives

et al. 2022

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Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used as efficient vaccine antigen-delivery platforms and vaccine adjuvants. Alpha (α)-D-glucans are polysaccharide polymers found in plants, animals, and microbes. Phytoglycogen (PG) is a densely branched dendrimer-like α-D-glucan that forms nanoparticle structures. Two simple chemical modifications of corn-derived PG create positively charged, amphiphilic nanoparticles, known as Nano-11, that stimulate immune responses when used as vaccine adjuvant in a variety of species. Nano-11 is a versatile adjuvant that can be used for alternative routes of vaccination and in combination with other immunostimulatory molecules. This review discusses our current understanding of the mechanism of action of Nano-11 and its future potential applications in animal vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-D-glucan-based vaccine adjuvants: Current status and future perspectives

et al. 2022

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“…Future perspectives of AIT vaccines include the development of new adjuvants, hypoallergenic allergoids, and recombinant allergens, new application routes, and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying successful AIT. Recently, the concepts of “innate trained immunity” and trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbVs) were defined [ 39 ]. This describes the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells which is induced by an insult and which promotes an altered response against a second insult.…”

Section: Future Perspectives Of Ait Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms in AIT: Insights 2021

Satitsuksanoa

Angelina

Palomares

et al. 2022

ALS

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Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only treatment with potential long-term disease-modifying effects for patients suffering from allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, venom allergy, or IgE-mediated food allergy. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune responses during successful AIT is of utmost importance and it may help to develop more effective and safer treatments. Materials and methods: PubMed literature review was performed using keywords such as allergen-specific immunotherapy; regulatory T cells; regulatory B cells; regulatory innate lymphoid cells; and allergen-specific antibody from years 2018 to 2021. Results: The proposed mechanism of long-term tolerance induction in AIT, even upon treatment discontinuation, involves basophils, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, allergen-specific regulatory T and B cells, downregulation of effector type 2 responses, decrease in the production of IgE and increase in production of allergen-specific blocking antibodies, such as IgG2 and IgG4. Conclusion: We summarize the most recent advances related to mechanisms involved in the restoration of healthy immune responses to allergens during AIT. Our knowledge in this regard has significantly improved over the last years, which might well contribute to design novel and improved therapeutic approaches.

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[Commentary] The new nucleic acid based COVID-19 vaccines: a glittering achievement, yet disturbed by a black stain that does need to be identified and swept away

Actis

Ribaldone

2023

Qeios

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Some two years ago, a that far untold plague fell onto our heads without notice. Presenting initially with a harsh pneumonia destroying lung alveoli, SARS COVID 2 (SCVID2) reached rapidly the feat to kill over 80% of the older sick people in retirement shelters, and met the requirements to be classified “pandemia” since March 11, 2020. To honor the trust placed on it right at the beginning, SCVID2 promptly trespassed the age limits of candidates to the infection. Sweeping away thousands of youngsters and middle-aged, the virus soon made outdated the label of an “older-bound” pathogen, and, to make the old story short, today’s dash board is giving: 645.630.482 infected, and 6.634.816 fatalities. The overall mortality might be 12-2%. It seems that no disease presentation, whether human or animal has been missed by this protean virus. Has the COVID 19 syndrome disappeared, or (at least) is it walking its sunset strip? This issue is being increasingly debated by media in the last weeks. The very fact that is being “debated” might be appalling per se. The simple possibility that the infection adopts an endemic course (meaning: silent low level viremia affecting the people only episodically), is reported to erratically switch on panic in those who never-the-less tolerate close contact with unrelated pathogens : thus, our brain seems to be incurable in conceiving SCVID2 as the “pre-historic evil”. The ability of SCVID2 to mimic the true COVID syndrome even when given as a vaccine, is now making things even harder, fostering the irrational disappointment of those raised since their infancy with the dogma that vaccines “can only be good”. In the attached Editorial, we chose to concentrate on these cases, trying to help knock down rising superstition, now the best allied of COVID 19. On the turn of the second year, pandemias are known to try and escape counter-measures, by hiding beneath a cloud of forgetfulness. Allowing this outcome to terminate our COVID combat now, means deadly defeat. Teaming up to devise and launch the final hit must hold in our scope to the very end.

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Editorial: Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Alpha-D-glucan-based vaccine adjuvants: Current status and future perspectives

Alpha-D-glucan-based vaccine adjuvants: Current status and future perspectives

Mechanisms in AIT: Insights 2021

[Commentary] The new nucleic acid based COVID-19 vaccines: a glittering achievement, yet disturbed by a black stain that does need to be identified and swept away

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