Editorial: The mechanism of trace elements on regulating immunity in prevention and control of human and animal diseases

Abstract

Editorial on the Research TopicThe mechanism of trace elements on regulating immunity in prevention and control of human and animal diseases Nickel is a hard, malleable, silver-white transition metal that is widely used in metallurgical processes such as alloy manufacturing, nickel cadmium battery manufacturing, and food industries (1). Nickel can be enriched in humans and animals through the food chain and direct contact, and when it accumulates to a certain level in the body without proper treatment, it can be harmful to living organisms as a toxic metal ion (2-4). Human exposure to excessive nickel can cause toxic side effects such as allergies, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancers (5). It has been shown that nickel nanoparticles can cause reproductive toxicity in mice (6). Melatonin (MT) is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland in mammals and humans (7). It is used for the treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial injury, and myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (8). Previous experiments by Cai et al. showed that MT ameliorates trimethyltin chloride-induced cardiotoxicity through the nuclear xenobiotic metabolism and Keap1-Nrf2/ARE axis-mediated pyroptosis.Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body, which exists in selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine and selenomethionine, and exerts its biological functions through 25 selenoproteins. Selenoprotein M (SelM) is one of the executive factors of selenium in vivo and may be involved in antioxidant, neuroprotection and the regulation of intracellular calcium (9). Existing studies have shown that the overexpression of human SelM in rats increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (10). In addition, SelM has Frontiers in Immunology frontiersin.org 01

Splenic Elemental Composition of Breast Cancer-Suffering Rats Supplemented with Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract

“…An element strongly involved in antioxidant processes is selenium. Se exerts its biological functions through selenoproteins [41], among which more than half play a key role in neutralizing free radicals. Levels of Se were significantly affected by both experimental factors.…”

“…Nickel is a transition metal, present in active sites of eight enzymes, e.g., hydrogenase and urease, with similar properties to Co. Levels of this trace element were higher in the spleen of healthy rats in comparison to DMBA-treated animals. When Ni accumulates to a certain level in the body, it can be toxic to living organisms [41]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies Ni, Cd, and hexavalent Cr as human carcinogen group 1.…”