Editorial: The Contribution of Postural Adjustments to Body Balance and Motor Performance

Yiou, Éric; Hamaoui, Alain; Allali, Gilles

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00487

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“… 10 ; cf. 11 and also 12 for recent research topics on this matter). The loss of gait or its alteration with pathological conditions are known to be related to mortality, especially in the elderly (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stretching exercises on human gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Stretching is commonly used in physical therapy as a rehabilitation tool to improve range of motion and motor function. However, is stretching an efficient method to improve gait, and if so, for which patient category? Methods: A systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis was conducted using relevant databases. Every patient category and every type of stretching programs were included without multicomponent programs. Data were meta-analysed where possible. Estimates of effect sizes (reported as standard mean difference (SMD)) with their respective 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were reported for each outcome. The PEDro scale was used for the quality assessment. Results: Twelve studies were included in the analysis. Stretching improved gait performance as assessed by walking speed and stride length only in a study with a frail elderly population, with small effect sizes (both SMD= 0.49; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.96; PEDro score: 3/10). The total distance and the continuous walking distance of the six-minute walking test were also improved only in a study in an elderly population who had symptomatic peripheral artery disease, with large effect sizes (SMD= 1.56; 95% CI: 0.66, 2.45 and SMD= 3.05; 95% CI: 1.86, 4.23, respectively; PEDro score: 5/10). The results were conflicting in healthy older adults or no benefit was found for most of the performance, spatiotemporal, kinetic and angular related variables. Only one study (PEDro score: 6/10) showed improvements in stance phase duration (SMD=-1.92; 95% CI: -3.04, -0.81), swing phase duration (SMD=1.92; 95 CI: 0.81, 3.04), double support phase duration (SMD= -1.69; 95% CI: -2.76, -0.62) and step length (SMD=1.37; 95% CI: 0.36, 2.38) with large effect sizes. Conclusions: There is no strong evidence supporting the beneficial effect of using stretching to improve gait. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to understand the impact of stretching on human gait.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stretching exercises on human gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…The interaction between the spinal circuits with the descending command and the adaptation of the body medio-lateral inclination and step length asymmetry to the progression velocity would represent a challenge for the control system. This task requires anticipatory adjustments (13–19) in advance of taking the curve (5, 20–22). It is not implausible that basal ganglia are subjected to an extra load during curved walking, since they operate through two parallel distinct pathways having opposing effects, allowing the execution of movement while gating the antigravity activity of the postural muscles (14, 23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking Along Curved Trajectories. Changes With Age and Parkinson's Disease. Hints to Rehabilitation

2019

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In this review, we briefly recall the fundamental processes allowing us to change locomotion trajectory and keep walking along a curved path and provide a review of contemporary literature on turning in older adults and people with Parkinson's Disease (PD). The first part briefly summarizes the way the body exploits the physical laws to produce a curved walking trajectory. Then, the changes in muscle and brain activation underpinning this task, and the promoting role of proprioception, are briefly considered. Another section is devoted to the gait changes occurring in curved walking and steering with aging. Further, freezing during turning and rehabilitation of curved walking in patients with PD is mentioned in the last part. Obviously, as the research on body steering while walking or turning has boomed in the last 10 years, the relevant critical issues have been tackled and ways to improve this locomotor task proposed. Rationale and evidences for successful training procedures are available, to potentially reduce the risk of falling in both older adults and patients with PD. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of steering, of the subtle but vital interaction between posture, balance, and progression along non-linear trajectories, and of the residual motor learning capacities in these cohorts may provide solid bases for new rehabilitative approaches.

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“…The strength and balance exercises were informed by clinical experience, previous fall prevention research [ 20 , 23 ] and an understanding of the physiological systems of balance and rehabilitation principles. This included the following: Motor control —muscles are turned on according to the task [ 24 , 25 ] and underpins specificity of exercises; therefore, exercises were functional, i.e., in weight-bearing and incorporated everyday movement. Overload— the body responds to a stimulus over and above what it normally experiences [ 26 ] so to improve balance it must be challenged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motor control —muscles are turned on according to the task [ 24 , 25 ] and underpins specificity of exercises; therefore, exercises were functional, i.e., in weight-bearing and incorporated everyday movement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motor control-muscles are turned on according to the task [24,25] and underpins specificity of exercises; therefore, exercises were functional, i.e., in weight-bearing and incorporated everyday movement. Overload-the body responds to a stimulus over and above what it normally experiences [26] so to improve balance it must be challenged.…”

Section: Cogex (Intervention Group)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining cognitive stimulation therapy and fall prevention exercise (CogEx) in older adults with mild to moderate dementia: a feasibility randomised controlled trial

Binns

Kerse

Peri

et al. 2020

Pilot Feasibility Stud

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Background: People living with dementia (PLwD) have a high fall risk as cognitive impairment compromises control of gait and balance. Fall prevention exercises that are effective in healthy older adults may not work for PLwD. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) has been shown to improve global cognition in PLwD. A programme which combines cognitive (CST) with physical exercises may reduce falls in PLwD. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of undertaking a full scale randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of CogEx in decreasing falls in PLwD. Specific objectives included recruitment strategy, data collection, outcome measures, intervention fidelity and facilitator/participant experience. Methods: A mixed methods feasibility randomised controlled trial recruited people from residential aged care. Inclusion criteria were ≥ 65 years old, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score of 10 to 26 and able to participate in a group. Participants were randomised to CST or CST combined with strength and balance exercises (CogEx). Both CST and CogEx groups were for an hour twice a week for 7 weeks. Descriptive statistics were used to report pre-and post-intervention outcome measures (MoCA, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive 11, Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test and Short Form Physical Performance Battery) and attendance. Qualitative analysis of participant focus groups and facilitator interviews used a conventional approach. Sessions were video recorded and exercise completion documented. Results: Thirty-six residents were screened with 23 participants randomised to intervention (CogEx, n = 10) or control (CST, n = 13). The assessments took 45 min to 1.5 h, and there was repetition between two cognitive measures. Ten facilitators completed training with the manualised programme. Exercises were combined into the hour-long CST session; however, limited balance training occurred with participants exercising predominantly in sitting. The facilitators felt the participants engaged more and were safer in sitting.

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Editorial: The Contribution of Postural Adjustments to Body Balance and Motor Performance

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of stretching exercises on human gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of stretching exercises on human gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Walking Along Curved Trajectories. Changes With Age and Parkinson's Disease. Hints to Rehabilitation

Combining cognitive stimulation therapy and fall prevention exercise (CogEx) in older adults with mild to moderate dementia: a feasibility randomised controlled trial

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