Editorial: Respiratory diseases and management in livestock

Pratelli, Annamaria; Cirone, Francesco; Mountricha, Maria; Padalino, Barbara

doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1367128

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…BCoV is widely spread in cattle herds worldwide and is responsible for respiratory and enteric diseases in calves that compromise animals' welfare and cause huge economic losses to farmers [11,12]. The evolution of the infection in cattle is generally acute with an extremely variable clinical pattern and frequent asymptomatic development [14]. Data on the immune response induced via BCoV and on the effectiveness of vaccination prophylaxis are fragmentary and often conflicting [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BCoV is endemic worldwide and is responsible for significant economic losses due to increases in mortality, reduced growth and milk production, more demanding animal management, and veterinary medical expenses [11,12]. The virus, which may be frequently identified in healthy cattle, can affect both respiratory and enteric apparatuses, causing different syndromes such as neonatal diarrhea, "wintery disease" in adults, and respiratory disease as a cofactor of Bovine Respiratory Syndrome (BRD) [5,[13][14][15]. Several studies have confirmed that BCoV exists as a "quasispecies" with one serotype, suggesting that differences observed among strains in the antigenic spectrum, tropism, and virulence are not related to their clinical origin but are the expression of complex interactions among the virus-host environment [4,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humoral Immune Response in Immunized Sheep with Bovine Coronavirus Glycoproteins Delivered via an Adenoviral Vector

Pratelli,

Capozza,

Minesso

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is distributed globally and mainly causes different clinical manifestations: enteric diarrhea in calves, winter dysentery in adults, and respiratory symptoms in cattle of all ages. Low mortality and high morbidity are the hallmarks of BCoV infection, usually associated with substantial economic losses for the livestock industry. Vaccination, combined with the implementation of biosecurity measures, is the key strategy for the prevention of infections. This pilot study evaluates the immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccine containing two BCoV antigens (S and M) in sheep, compared to vaccines containing only the M or S protein. Three groups of sheep were inoculated intramuscularly at day 0 and day 21 with recombinant adenoviruses expressing BCoV S protein (AdV-BCoV-S), BCoV M protein (AdV-BCoV-M), or both proteins (AdV-BCoV-S + M). Serum antibodies were evaluated using immunofluorescence (IF) and serum neutralization (SN) tests. Moderate seroconversion was observed by day 21, but serum antibodies detected via SN increased from 1:27.5 (day 21) to 1:90 (day 28) in sheep inoculated with the recombinant AdV expressing both the S- and M-BCoV proteins. Based on the SN results, a repeated-measures ANOVA test indicated a more significant difference in immune response between the three groups (F = 20.47; p < 0.001). The experimental investigation produced satisfactory results, highlighting that the S + M recombinant vaccine was immunogenic, stimulating a valid immune response. Despite some inherent limitations, including a small sample size and the absence of challenge tests, the study demonstrated the efficacy of the immune response induced via the recombinant vaccine containing both S and M proteins compared to that induced via the individual proteins S or M.

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