Editorial: Poverty and Mobility in England, 1600–1850

Abstract

Within these pages you will find a ‘jovial crew’: rogues and vagabonds, the ‘mad’ and insane, gypsies, peddlers, poets, playwrights, pilgrims, rioters, convicts, constables, thieves, beggars, landed gentlemen, magistrates, and historians. When parliamentarians and projectors set out to proscribe mobility and legislate poverty in early modernity, a list of untrustworthy trades and professions not at all unlike this one frequently found its way into print and the statute book. The punishment for crimes of vagrancy could be severe, but thankfully ‘historians’ were not counted among the undeserving and mobile, nor would you find magistrates and landed gentlemen taken up, imprisoned, and whipped for a crime of movement. However, all three groups may well deserve some of John Locke's brand of draconian ‘improvement’; historians in particular have taken little account of the lived experiences of the mobile poor until relatively recently. Once we finally took a hard look at our inherited, literature-driven typologies of ‘rogues’ and ‘beggars’, they disappeared in ‘a storm of dust and lies.’ However, the literary, visualised vagabond still has much to tell us, and interdisciplinary approaches to vagrancy in the past have emerged as the strongest method yet of reconstructing the character, history, and cultural perception of the mobile poor. These are methods which the articles in this collection use to full effect.

Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism

“…These kind of seasonal journeys typified life for many whose work was connected to trade or fishing; it is a classic migratory pattern which in fact was not at all unusual for many Europeans in the late medieval and early modern period where mobility was a way of life, especially for the poor (Fumerton 2006;Hitchcock 2013). For even those not involved in long-distance trade or fishing, summer transhumance was common practice for many rural communities, for example in the Scandinavian shieling system (e.g.…”