Editorial of Special Issue Ruthenium Complex: The Expanding Chemistry of the Ruthenium Complexes

Drăguţan, Ileana; Drăguţan, Valerian; Demonceau, Albert

doi:10.3390/molecules200917244

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 325 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…38 Many Ru(III) compounds contain exchangeable ligands and require activation by the tumor microenvironment. 39 The antitumor properties of the Ru(III) complexes occur when they are reduced to their corresponding Ru(II) counterparts in vivo . Under biological circumstances of low oxygen concentration, acidic pH and high levels of glutathione, the Ru(II/III)redox potential can be altered, and thus, Ru(III) complexes can be readily reduced to Ru(II) complexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of anticancer ruthenium(ii) complexes: from single molecule compounds to nanomaterials

et al. 2017

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Cancer is rapidly becoming the top killer in the world. Most of the FDA approved anticancer drugs are organic molecules, while metallodrugs are very scarce. The advent of first metal based therapeutic agent, cisplatin, launched a new era in the application of transition metal complexes for therapeutic design. Due to their unique and versatile biochemical properties, ruthenium-based compounds have emerged as promising anti-cancer agents that serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivertives. The ruthenium(III) complexes have successfully been used in clinical research and their mechanisms of anticancer action have been reported in large volumes over the past few decades. Ruthenium(II) complexes have also attracted significant attention as anticancer candidates; however, only few of them have been reported comprehensively. In this review, we discuss the development of ruthenium(II) complexes as anticancer candidates and biocatalysts, including arene ruthenium complexes, polypyridyl ruthenium complexes, and ruthenium nanomaterial complexes. This review focuses on the likely mechanisms of action of ruthenium(II)-based anticancer drugs and the relationship between their chemical structures and biological properties. This review also highlights the catalytic activity and the photoinduced activation of ruthenium(II) complexes, their targeted delivery, and their activity in nanomaterial systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of anticancer ruthenium(ii) complexes: from single molecule compounds to nanomaterials

et al. 2017

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“…Indeed, a number of ruthenium complexes, which exhibit interesting physico-chemical and biochemical properties, associated with low toxicity profiles, have been recently identified and intensively studied910. Many ruthenium complexes have in fact shown selective bioactivity, as well as the ability to overcome the resistance encountered with platinum-based drugs, ranking them as strong antitumoral candidates in a rational drug discovery approach11. Among these, ruthenium(III) compounds behave as valid prodrugs with somehow limited side-effects11, being likely activated to the more reactive and cytotoxic ruthenium(II) derivatives within the reducing microenvironment of solid tumours12.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many ruthenium complexes have in fact shown selective bioactivity, as well as the ability to overcome the resistance encountered with platinum-based drugs, ranking them as strong antitumoral candidates in a rational drug discovery approach11. Among these, ruthenium(III) compounds behave as valid prodrugs with somehow limited side-effects11, being likely activated to the more reactive and cytotoxic ruthenium(II) derivatives within the reducing microenvironment of solid tumours12. Along with ligands release and/or substitution - which occurs rapidly under physiological conditions in vitro and in vivo - the biological reduction of ruthenium(III) complexes is a possible process, especially in high proliferating cells, thereby promoting a unique activation process of this kind of metal-based drug in tumour tissues12.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiproliferative effects of ruthenium-based nucleolipidic nanoaggregates in human models of breast cancer in vitro: insights into their mode of action

Irace

Misso

Capuozzo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

101

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Looking for new metal-based anticancer treatments, in recent years many ruthenium complexes have been proposed as effective and safe potential drugs. In this context we have recently developed a novel approach for the in vivo delivery of Ru(III) complexes, preparing stable ruthenium-based nucleolipidic nanoaggregates endowed with significant antiproliferative activity. Herein we describe the cellular response to our ruthenium-containing formulations in selected models of human breast cancer. By in vitro bioscreens in the context of preclinical studies, we have focused on their ability to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation by the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, possibly via mitochondrial perturbations involving Bcl-2 family members and predisposing to programmed cell death. In addition, the most efficient ruthenium-containing cationic nanoaggregates we have hitherto developed are able to elicit both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, as well as autophagy. To limit chemoresistance and counteract uncontrolled proliferation, multiple cell death pathways activation by metal-based chemotherapeutics is a challenging, yet very promising strategy for targeted therapy development in aggressive cancer diseases, such as triple-negative breast cancer with limited treatment options. These outcomes provide valuable, original knowledge on ruthenium-based candidate drugs and new insights for future optimized cancer treatment protocols.

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“…14,15 As previously discussed, the unique properties of Ru-based complexes, including their high ability to bind nucleic acids and proteins and undergo ligand exchange reaction, the prevalence of the two main oxidation states, Ru(II) and Ru(III), as well as the iron-mimicking property when bound to biological molecules have made them potential drug candidates for various medical applications. 16 In addition, these complexes have reduced toxicity and can be well tolerated in vivo. 17 Studies have also shown that most Ru complexes have low systemic toxicity, exhibit slow ligand exchange rates similar to that of platinum compounds, and can accumulate in cancer cells more effectively than platinum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 As listed in Table 2, although a large number of Ru complexes have shown great promise as potential antitumor agents, only three complexes, NAMI-A, KP1019, and NKP1339 (Table 3), have entered clinical trials. 16,19,20 Clinically, all the three complexes exhibited promising anticancer activities with minimal side effects; an ideal property of a good anticancer drug (Table 3). In addition, these complexes have octahedral coordination geometry with respect to the Ru(III) metal center; however, they exhibit different biological activities despite their structural and chemical similarities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in the nanostructured materials functionalized with ruthenium complexes for targeted drug delivery to tumors

Thangavel

Viswanath

Kim

2017

IJN

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In recent years, the field of metal-based drugs has been dominated by other existing precious metal drugs, and many researchers have focused their attention on the synthesis of various ruthenium (Ru) complexes due to their potential medical and pharmaceutical applications. The beneficial properties of Ru, which make it a highly promising therapeutic agent, include its variable oxidation states, low toxicity, high selectivity for diseased cells, ligand exchange properties, and the ability to mimic iron binding to biomolecules. In addition, Ru complexes have favorable adsorption properties, along with excellent photochemical and photophysical properties, which make them promising tools for photodynamic therapy. At present, nanostructured materials functionalized with Ru complexes have become an efficient way to administer Ru-based anticancer drugs for cancer treatment. In this review, the recent developments in the nanostructured materials functionalized with Ru complexes for targeted drug delivery to tumors are discussed. In addition, information on “traditional” (ie, non-nanostructured) Ru-based cancer therapies is included in a precise manner.

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Editorial of Special Issue Ruthenium Complex: The Expanding Chemistry of the Ruthenium Complexes

Abstract: Recent trends in Ru complex chemistry are surveyed with emphasis on the development of anticancer drugs and applications in catalysis, polymers, materials science and nanotechnology.

Cited by 70 publications

References 325 publications

The development of anticancer ruthenium(ii) complexes: from single molecule compounds to nanomaterials

The development of anticancer ruthenium(ii) complexes: from single molecule compounds to nanomaterials

Antiproliferative effects of ruthenium-based nucleolipidic nanoaggregates in human models of breast cancer in vitro: insights into their mode of action

Recent developments in the nanostructured materials functionalized with ruthenium complexes for targeted drug delivery to tumors

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