Editorial Introduction: Praxeological Gestalts – Philosophy, Cognitive Science and Sociology Meet Gestalt Psychology

Hutchinson, Phil; Zielinska, Anna C.; Hardman, Doug

doi:10.4000/philosophiascientiae.3723

philosophiascientiae

2022

DOI: 10.4000/philosophiascientiae.3723

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Editorial Introduction: Praxeological Gestalts – Philosophy, Cognitive Science and Sociology Meet Gestalt Psychology

Phil Hutchinson¹,

Anna C. Zielinska²,

Doug Hardman³

Abstract: The idea for the current issue of Philosophia Scientiae emerged from discussions which took place in the Manchester Ethnomethodology Reading Group. This reading group has its origins in Wes Sharrock's weekly discussion groups, which have taken place in Manchester (UK) since the early 1970s. As the global Covid-19 pandemic hit in early 2020, the reading group moved online, facilitated by Phil Hutchinson and Alex Holder. Being an online reading group opened up participation to people beyond Northwest UK and with… Show more

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“…1010As Carlin (2002, p. 44) notes, gestalt ‐related topics were an important resource for Rose in his original approach to sociology. This is particularly interesting with regard to the recently reinvigorated interest in connections between Garfinkel's ethnomethodology and gestalt phenomena (e.g., Eisenmann & Lynch, 2021; Garfinkel, 2021; Meyer, 2022; Mondada, 2014; or Hutchinson et al, 2022, and the special issue they introduce).…”

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Harold Garfinkel and Edward Rose in the early years of ethnomethodology

Mlynář

2022

J History Behavioral Science

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This article documents the beginning of the intellectual companionship between the founder of ethnomethodology, Harold Garfinkel, and Edward Rose, who is most often associated with his program of “ethno‐inquiries.” I present results from archival research focusing on the contacts and collaborations between Rose and Garfinkel in the years 1955–1965. First, I describe the review process for Rose and Felton's paper, submitted to the American Sociological Review in 1955, which Garfinkel reviewed and after Rose's rebuttal recommended for publication. The paper induced Garfinkel to write an extensive commentary that has remained unpublished. Second, I discuss the 1958 New Mexico conference sponsored by the Air Force, which was an opportunity for Rose and Garfinkel to work together on topics related to common‐sense knowledge and scientific knowledge. Third, I give an overview of the ethnomethodological conferences in 1962 and 1963, supported by an Air Force grant written collaboratively by Rose and Garfinkel. Here I focus primarily on Rose's research on “small languages,” which stimulated many discussions among the early ethnomethodologists. Rose's work and exchanges with Garfinkel demonstrate the former's affinity for miniaturization as a research approach and search for ways to empiricize topics of sociological theory in locally observable settings.

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Harold Garfinkel and Edward Rose in the early years of ethnomethodology

Mlynář

2022

J History Behavioral Science

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Power From the Ground Up: Respecifying Performative Power as First Overt Resistance in Milgram’s Lab

Hollander

2024

philosophiascientiae

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The interdisciplinary Stanley Milgram renaissance of the past two decades has fundamentally shifted debate about the most controversial social psychological experiments of the 20th century. A new angle, with implications for the philosophy of social psychology, is widespread interest in the conditions of possibility of his work. Social ontology (or historical ontology), of various styles, can bring into focus contingent features of “obedience to authority” and other classic experiments in North American social psychology. In this Milgram issue of Philosophia Scientiæ, my contribution is to show how an empirical focus on social interaction (EMCA: ethnomethodology and conversation analysis) can help illuminate—“from the ground up”—power in Milgram’s lab and resistance to continuing the experiment. First, I present power as a multidimensional feature of human sociality, highlighting its performative aspect. Milgram’s lab setting forced and constrained Teachers to exercise agency in starkly contrasting ways, either as exercising power over the Learner (complying with the Experimenter) or against the Experimenter (resisting him). Second, I propose that, like morality, performative power may be understood in terms of foreground and background (Gestalt figure and ground), with both sides of the phenomenon being empirically grounded and demonstrably oriented to in interactants’ concrete practices. Third, I respecify performative power as the detailed practice of Teachers resisting continuation of the experiment. Using a large collection of transcripts of Milgram’s archived audio-recordings, I analyze instances of Teachers’ first (earliest, lowest shock level) overt resistance, an aspect of Teacher resistance hitherto unstudied systematically. This section shows precisely how the resistance of both Disobedient- and Obedient-outcome Teachers first appeared: as a phenomenon of talk-in-interaction displaying sequential organization and various recurrent forms. Studying both outcome groups (rather than just one) demonstrates that resistance was common not only among Disobedient but also Obedient Teachers. Overall, the article shows the value of EMCA as a style of social ontology well suited to investigating power’s relationship to social psychological knowledge claims, and to reconstructing the presuppositions of classic North American social psychology.

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Editorial Introduction: Praxeological Gestalts – Philosophy, Cognitive Science and Sociology Meet Gestalt Psychology

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

Harold Garfinkel and Edward Rose in the early years of ethnomethodology

Harold Garfinkel and Edward Rose in the early years of ethnomethodology

Power From the Ground Up: Respecifying Performative Power as First Overt Resistance in Milgram’s Lab

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