Editorial: Immune Surveillance of the HIV Reservoir: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targeting and New Avenues for HIV Cure

Prado, Julia G.; Frater, John

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00070

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, in vitro data suggests that an anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody can induce natural killer cell-driven antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Specifically targeting CD45RA-CD4+ memory T cells, killing can be induced and this can reduce HIV DNA levels in patient samples ex vivo [16, 17]. In addition, novel antibody-based therapies against HIV are advancing into the clinic [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of autologous neutralizing antibodies on viral rebound in postnatally SHIV-infected ART-treated infant rhesus macaques

Mainou¹,

Berendam²,

Obregon-Perko³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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While the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in perinatally infected infants are well documented, early ART initiation is not always possible in postnatal pediatric HIV infections, which account for the majority of pediatric HIV cases worldwide. The timing of onset of ART initiation is likely to affect the size of the latent viral reservoir established, as well as the development of adaptive immune responses, such as the generation of neutralizing antibody responses against the virus. How these parameters impact the ability of infants to control viremia and the time to viral rebound after ART interruption is unclear. To gain insight into the dynamics, we utilized mathematical models to investigate the effect of time of ART initiation via latent reservoir size and autologous virus neutralizing antibody responses in delaying viral rebound when treatment is interrupted. We used an infant nonhuman primate Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) infection model that mimics breast milk HIV transmission in human infants. Infant Rhesus macaques (RMs) were orally challenged with SHIV.C.CH505 375H dCT and either given ART at 4-7 days post-infection (early ART condition), at 2 weeks post-infection (intermediate ART condition), or at 8 weeks post-infection (late ART condition). These infants were then monitored for up to 60 months post-infection with serial viral load and immune measurements. We develop a stochastic mathematical model to investigate the joint effect of latent reservoir size, the autologous neutralizing antibody potency, and CD4+ T cell levels on the time to viral rebound and control of post-rebound viral loads. We find that the latent reservoir size is an important determinant in explaining time to viral rebound by affecting the growth rate of the virus. The presence of neutralizing antibodies also can delay rebound, but we find this effect for high potency antibody responses only.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of autologous neutralizing antibodies on viral rebound in postnatally SHIV-infected ART-treated infant rhesus macaques

Mainou¹,

Berendam²,

Obregon-Perko³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This impaired immunity predisposes individuals to developing other pathogens that may persist [ 5 , 18 , 19 ]. The introduction of HAART after 1995 [ 19 ] tremendously reduced the risk of HIV-infected patients developing EBV-related malignancies due to improved immune surveillance and T-cell immunity [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. While this is true, frequent activation of the EBV is still a common phenomenon [ 20 ], and infection of the CNS with EBV in HIV-positive patients is associated with reactivated EBV [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients

et al. 2022

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Simply detecting Epstein–Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBV-DNA) is insufficient to diagnose EBV-associated diseases. The current literature around EBV-DNA detection from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive non-lymphoma patients was systematically reviewed and a meta-analysis reporting the estimated pooled prevalence in this population when PCR methods are employed, targeting different sequence segments within the EBV genome, was conducted. Using a combination of three key concepts—Epstein–Barr virus detection, central nervous system disease, and human cerebrospinal fluid—and their MeSH terms, the PubMed database was searched. A total of 273 papers reporting the detection of EBV in CNS were screened, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled prevalence of EBV-DNA in CSF of 20% (CI: 12–31%). The highest pooled prevalence was from studies conducted on the African population at 39% (CI: 27–51%). The investigation of the presence of EBV-DNA in the CSF was also very varied, with several gene targets used. While most patients from the articles included in this review and meta-analysis were symptomatic of CNS disorders, the pathogenicity of EBV in non-lymphoma HIV patients when detected in CSF has still not been determined. The presence of EBV-DNA in the CNS remains a concern, and further research is warranted to understand its significance in causing CNS disorders.

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Editorial: Immune Surveillance of the HIV Reservoir: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targeting and New Avenues for HIV Cure

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Assessing the impact of autologous neutralizing antibodies on viral rebound in postnatally SHIV-infected ART-treated infant rhesus macaques

Assessing the impact of autologous neutralizing antibodies on viral rebound in postnatally SHIV-infected ART-treated infant rhesus macaques

Epstein–Barr Virus Detection in the Central Nervous System of HIV-Infected Patients

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