Editorial: COVID-19 in older persons: the role of nutrition

Bauer, Jüergen M.; Morley, John E.

doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000717

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Of relevance, lymphopenia, which is a known negative prognostic factor in severe COVID-19 [ 5 ], is also a marker of malnutrition [ 61 ]. In that regard, it should be mentioned that various studies from different countries, as reviewed by Bauer and Morley [ 64 ], have reported a significant prevalence of malnutrition in elderly patients admitted for COVID-19. Nevertheless, the influence of micronutrient deficiencies in the aging immune system (immunosenescence) and how it affects infection susceptibility and vaccination effectiveness in the elderly has so far been given little attention [ 65 ].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Severe Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.

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Section: Risk Factors For Severe Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19

et al. 2022

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“…4 Myalgias, muscle loss, and weakness are frequently observed in patients with COVID-19 and might persist for several months after infection, which can be partly explained by direct virus entry into muscle cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, determining local inflammation. 5 This augmented inflammatory response might lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, further exacerbating muscle loss. Chronic low-grade inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are observed in some chronic conditions that are characterised by the presence of fatigue 6 and have been evoked as hallmarks of ageing, playing a major role in the aetiopathogenesis of sarcopenia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue in the COVID-19 pandemic

Azzolino

Cesari

2022

The Lancet Healthy Longevity

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“…[23][24][25] In general, elderly patients have been shown to be the "most vulnerable" group with regard to COVID-19 mortality. 26,27 In one study, COVID-19 patients aged 60 years and over were shown to have greater severity of clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates, compared with those who were under 60. 28 Similarly, in our study, we concluded that greater age was associated with increased risk of ICU requirement and mortality.…”

Section: Icu Requirement Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting the severity of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study

Yı́lmaz

Doğanay

2022

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in Wuhan, China, and it spread rapidly all over the world. 1 The World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name coronavirus disease-19 to the resultant disease and declared it to be an epidemic. 2 The first polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive COVID-19 case in Turkey was detected on March 11, 2020. 3 In some studies in the literature, it was reported that 14% of COVID-19 patients developed severe pneumonia, one in 20 patients had an intensive care unit (ICU) requirement and approximately 66% of critically ill patients died. [4][5][6] High mortality rates among critically ill patients and rapidly spreading disease raise concerns about ICU requirements, which may place pressure on healthcare system resources. 7 In order to make optimal treatment decisions, prognostic predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients need to be identified in order to help assess the severity of the condition.Compared with the normal range, lower white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts but higher neutrophil counts have been found in COVID-19 patients. 8,9 In some recent studies, it has been reported that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an independent prognostic factor for predicting outcomes of critical illness and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients. 10,11 OBJECTIVEOur aim in this study was to determine the relationship between the prognosis and the NLR among COVID-19 patients.

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Editorial: COVID-19 in older persons: the role of nutrition

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19

Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19

Fatigue in the COVID-19 pandemic

Usefulness of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting the severity of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study

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