Editorial: Advancements in Biomass Recalcitrance: The Use of Lignin for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals

Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Yoo, Chang Geun

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2018.00118

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the native structure of lignin varies with tree species (Wang et al, 2017), growth stages (Wang et al, 2020), different cell wall tissues (Wen et al, 2013a), leading to challenges in the utilization of lignocellulosic feedstocks. Therefore, detailed investigation of microscopic distribution of lignin in cell wall and molecular structures of lignin in the lignocellulosic biomass will facilitate deconstruction and value-added applications of the plant cell walls in the current biorefinery (Ragauskas and Yoo, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Structural Changes of Lignin Macromolecules From Balsa Wood at Different Growth Stages

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Energy Res.

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Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biomacromolecule on the earth, which is an attractive raw material for producing bio-based chemicals, materials, and fuels. However, the complexity, heterogeneity, and variability of the lignin structure always hinders the value-added application of different sources of raw materials. In this study, double enzymatic lignin (DEL) was isolated from balsa grown for different lengths of time to understand the structural variations of lignin macromolecules during the growth of balsa for the first time. Confocal Raman microscopy and component analysis were used to monitor the lignin accumulation in balsa. Meanwhile, the structural characteristics and chemical reactivity of DELs were synthetically characterized by advanced 2D-HSQC and 31 P-NMR techniques. It was found that the balsa lignin is a typical hardwood lignin and it is overwhelmingly composed of CO bonds (i.e., β-O-4 linkages), whose content is elevated with increasing tree-age. Interestingly, carbon-carbon linkages (e.g., β-β and β-5) in these DELs isolated from 3-and 5-year-old balsa are gradually disappearing. Considering the increasing molecular weight of DELs with tree-age, it was concluded that lignin macromolecules in balsa wood were gradually polymerized within the growth period. Furthermore, abundant CO linkages with less CC linkages in the DELs from 3 and 5-year-old balsa wood suggested that these feedstocks are promising in current lignin-first biorefinery and will facilitate the conversion of aromatic chemicals from the lignin macromolecule. In short, a comprehensive understanding of native lignin during the growth of balsa wood will not only advance the understanding of biosynthetic pathways of lignin biopolymer, but also facilitate the deconstruction and value-added applications of this kind of feedstock.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Structural Changes of Lignin Macromolecules From Balsa Wood at Different Growth Stages

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Energy Res.

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“…37 The embedding and bonding of lignin with cellulose and hemicellulose create a complex matrix responsible for the major bottleneck in lignocellulose processing, in particular, recalcitrance to chemical and biological deconstruction. 38 Pretreatment is an emerging process in the biorefinery with the potential of overcoming biomass recalcitrance for easier and more efficient conversion. Indeed, this process is regarded as an essential process to break the tradeoff between fractionation yield and the quality of lignin and carbohydrates.…”

Section: Pretreatment and Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amine-based pretreatments for lignocellulose fractionation and lignin valorization: a review

Ntakirutimana

et al. 2022

Green Chem.

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“…Lignin, the second richest renewable material next to cellulose, has been utilized for many applications including bio‐based plastics, polyurethane foams, green antioxidant, flame‐retardant additive, and carbon fibers . Many researchers have been reported lignin‐based resins by blending with phenol, polyethylene oxide, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterified PVA‐lignin resin by maleic acid applicable for natural fiber reinforced composites

Kim

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article reports an esterified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐lignin resin that is applicable for natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. To meet the requirement for the composites, a biopolymer‐based resin is necessary, which should well interact with the natural fiber with good waterproof behavior. By mimicking the relationship between cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in wood, the esterified PVA‐lignin resin with maleic acid is provided. The preparation and characterization of the environment‐friendly resin are illustrated in this article. 180 °C of esterification reaction temperature and 40% of maleic acid contents are shown to be an optimum condition for the preparation of the resin. The esterified PVA‐lignin resin exhibits 13, 31, and 55% increase of its tensile strength, toughness, and failure strength, respectively. The water contact angle of the esterified PVA‐lignin resin is improved from 0 to 57°. The prepared resin is originally thermoplastic composite and it turned to be a thermoset resin by the esterification reaction at 180 °C, which is beneficial for composite processing. The developed resin is applicable for environment‐friendly and high strength‐natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48836.

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Editorial: Advancements in Biomass Recalcitrance: The Use of Lignin for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Understanding the Structural Changes of Lignin Macromolecules From Balsa Wood at Different Growth Stages

Understanding the Structural Changes of Lignin Macromolecules From Balsa Wood at Different Growth Stages

Amine-based pretreatments for lignocellulose fractionation and lignin valorization: a review

Esterified PVA‐lignin resin by maleic acid applicable for natural fiber reinforced composites

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