Editorial

Wetzel, René

doi:10.24894/1664-2457.90049

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…This can be illustrated by the example of torasemide and its metabolite torasemide carboxylic acid, which were both detected in all three WWTPs. The average consumption of torasemide based on sales in Switzerland in the years 2014–2016 amounted to 925 kg . Using the detected concentrations and flow rates averaged over the 5 sampling days, excretion rates and the populations covered by the respective WWTP, yearly consumption amounts of 1215 ± 330 kg and 1135 ± 115 kg are calculated when torasemide or torasemide carboxylic acid are used as a basis, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average consumption of torasemide based on sales in Switzerland in the years 2014–2016 amounted to 925 kg. 57 Using the detected concentrations and flow rates averaged over the 5 sampling days, excretion rates and the populations covered by the respective WWTP, yearly consumption amounts of 1215 ± 330 kg and 1135 ± 115 kg are calculated when torasemide or torasemide carboxylic acid are used as a basis, respectively. It becomes evident that the calculated consumptions are very similar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Wastewater Reflects Human Metabolism─Suspect Screening of Pharmaceutical Metabolites in Wastewater Influent

Meyer,

Stravs,

Hollender

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Pharmaceuticals and their human metabolites are contaminants of emerging concern in the aquatic environment. Most monitoring studies focus on a limited set of parent compounds and even fewer metabolites. However, more than 50% of the most consumed pharmaceuticals are excreted in higher amounts as metabolites than as parents, as confirmed by a literature analysis within this study. Hence, we applied a wide-scope suspect screening approach to identify human pharmaceutical metabolites in wastewater influent from three Swiss treatment plants. Based on consumption amounts and human metabolism data, a suspect list comprising 268 parent compounds and over 1500 metabolites was compiled. Online solid phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the samples. Data processing, annotation, and structure elucidation were achieved with various tools, including molecular networking as well as SIRIUS/CSI:FingerID and MetFrag for MS2 spectra rationalization. We confirmed 37 metabolites with reference standards and 16 by human liver S9 incubation experiments. More than 25 metabolites were detected for the first time in influent wastewater. Semiquantification with MS2Quant showed that metabolite to parent concentration ratios were generally lower compared to literature expectations, probably due to further metabolite transformation in the sewer system or limitations in the metabolite detection. Nonetheless, metabolites pose a large fraction to the total pharmaceutical contribution in wastewater, highlighting the need for metabolite inclusion in chemical risk assessment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%