Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale--Spanish Version

The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Antenatal Depression Among Pregnant Immigrant and Native Women in Spain

“…Additionally, there were significant differences between the native and immigrant groups in sociodemographic aspects and health habits. Consistent with Garcia-Esteve (Garcia-Esteve et al, 2007, 2014, the immigrant sample was younger, less likely to be primiparous, less educated, and more frequently lacked a stable partner compared with the native sample. Among immigrants, alcohol consumption was higher, but there were fewer smokers.…”

“…When assessing perceived health, immigrants reported having fewer illnesses, which may be explained by the healthy immigrant effect or the paradox of the "healthy immigrant"which states that immigrants who have been living for fewer years in the new host country report better health status than the national population (Rivera, Casals, & Currais, 2013;Salamanca, 2016). Among the immigrants, significant predictors associated with antenatal depression were lack of self-esteem, stress, marital problems or moving, and the lack of support (instrumental support from friends or emotional support from the partner and family), as they suffered from the distance from their environment and their loved ones (Garcia-Esteve et al, 2007). For them, primiparity was important, reinforcing the idea that they constitute a risk group that perceives limitations in the support network and access to the Spanish health (Salamanca, 2016).…”

“…In Spain, the prevalence of antenatal depression is estimated between 10.3% and 14.8% including native and immigrants (Escribà-Agüir et al, 2008;Rodríguez-Muñoz et al, 2017a). Other studies have found differences between immigrant and Spanish-born mothers: emotional state, healthy habits, quality of life (Garcia-Esteve et al, 2007), or in the incidence of postpartum depression (Garcia-Esteve et al, 2014).…”