Edible vaccines against veterinary parasitic diseases—Current status and future prospects

Jacob, Siju Susan; Cherian, Susan; Sumithra, T.G.; Raina, O.K.; Sankar, M.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.022

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Lack of knowledge regarding plant biotechnology which leads to negative public opinions, stringent laws, and debates regarding intellectual property discourage pharmaceutical business investments in EVs iii. Possibility for hypersensitive reaction, development of oral tolerance to vaccines and also difficulty in the administration of the standard dose are additional limitations [23,24].…”

Section: Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible Vaccines: An Advancement in Oral Immunization

Bhairy

Hirlekar

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Vaccines represent a useful contribution to the branch of biotechnology as they supply protection against various diseases. However, the major hurdle to oral immunization is the digestion of macromolecule antigenic protein within the stomach due to extremely acidic pH. To address this issue, scientist Arntzen developed the theory of edible vaccines (EVs). EVs are developed using the genetic engineering technology in which the appropriate genes are introduced into the plants using various methods. This genetically modified plant then produces the encoded protein which acts as a vaccine. Owing to its low cost, it will be affordable for developing countries like India. EVs are developed to treat various diseases such as malaria, measles, hepatitis B, stopping autoimmunity in type-1 diabetes, cholera, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), HIV, and anthrax. This review comprises mechanism of action, methods of development, candidate plants, applications, and clinical trials of EVs.

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Section: Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible Vaccines: An Advancement in Oral Immunization

Bhairy

Hirlekar

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…In order to come out from adverse effect of these parasites an urge of effective control is needed. Up till now the control strategy of parasites relies mainly on the use of chemotherapy like anthelminthes, antiprotozoal drugs and insecticides etc, as they are safe, cheap and effective against a broad spectrum of parasites [9,10]. But indiscriminate use of these drugs led to the emergence of drug resistance in many targeted parasites [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recombinant DNA constructed by encoding F. hepatica GST had a high humoral response to the mice. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) a 981 nucleotide cDNA fragment encoding the catalytic domain of the CP of F. hepatica was incorporated and this also induces an effective immune response in mice [10]. Moreover a schistosome protein Sm14 provides cross-protection between the two trematode parasites [27].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Feeding of this transgenic plant resulted in the higher weight gain, reduction in oocyst output and high antibody production. Later on EtMIC1 was also used in poultry and its efficacy was compared with EtMIC2, it was observed that serum antibody response and weight gain was better in former one [10]. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Out of which the main are SAG1 and SAG2, which are the most abundant proteins in tachyzoites, they can be used as a vaccine agents. Some worker are using the vaccination agent in plants (Tobacco leaves) also such as SAG1 (surface antigen), GRA [40 kDa] (dense granule protein) by Agro-infiltration method [10]. Other important protein is AMA1 (Apical membrane antigen 1) this helps in host cell penetration; because of this property, AMA1 is also considered to be a potential vaccine candidate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mammalian Parasitic Vaccine: A Consolidated Exposition

Sumbria¹,

Singla²

2015

J Vaccines Immun

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Parasites are highly prevalent in livestock worldwide and infect over one fourth of the human population also. Parasites are successful in evading host immune responses, and vaccination can prove to be an effective way to control them. However, currently very few vaccines are available against parasitic infection. Two important limitations in the emergence of effective parasitic vaccines are incomplete understanding of the immunoregulatory pathways involved in immunity, and the lack of precise information regarding host-pathogen interactions. Precise identification of parasite genes and the role of their products in parasite biology may assist in the identification of useful antigens, which could then be produced in recombinant systems. Many recombinant parasitic antigens have been successfully used in livestock and new vaccines are under trail. Numerous vaccine antigens are defined to target a wide range of parasite species. Thus vaccines offer a green solution to control disease. Vaccines have multiple beneficial effects such as improvement of animal health and welfare by controlling animal infestations and infections; diminishing resistance to anthelmintics, acaricides and antibiotics; improving public health status by controlling food borne pathogens and zoonoses aspect related to animals; keeping animals and the environment free of chemical residues and maintaining biodiversity. This current review is an attempt to consolidate all commercial or under-trail vaccine for mammalian parasites.$ 64.6 million are lost in productivity losses. The average total costs for persons with mild, moderate, and severe illness were $116, $475, and $7,808, respectively [7,8]. In order to come out from adverse effect of these parasites an urge of effective control is needed. Up till now the control strategy of parasites relies mainly on the use of chemotherapy like anthelminthes, antiprotozoal drugs and insecticides etc, as they are safe, cheap and effective against a broad spectrum of parasites [9,10]. But indiscriminate use of these drugs led to the emergence of drug resistance in many targeted parasites [11]. On the same time, issues of residues in the food chain and environment have arisen, which threaten their sustained use [12]. So scientist and researcher are now a days concentrating on development of alternate sustainable methods like vaccinations, novel therapeutic regimens and immnuomodulations against these parasite [2]. The term "vaccine" was first coined by Edward Jenner in 1881; it was derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). Vaccines are used to generate antibodies and boost immunity against a disease, and usually contain an agent which may be the microorganism, its product, toxins or one of its surface proteins, treated/modified to be used as an antigen without causing disease [13]. It can be prophylactic or therapeutic. Vaccination helps in the development of acquired immunity by inoculating non-pathogenic but immunogenic components of the pathogen, or closely related organisms. In animal ...

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