Edible bird’s nest: Food or medicine?

Wong, Rebecca S. Y.

doi:10.1007/s11655-013-1563-y

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is produced by swiftlet species, commonly found in Asian countries like Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. Its consumption among Asians has a long history and it is thought to improve overall general health [ 1 , 2 ]. Interest in these claims has grown considerably over the years and studies have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of EBN towards the claimed benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interest in these claims has grown considerably over the years and studies have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of EBN towards the claimed benefits. It is now known that EBN has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bone strengthening properties among others [ 2 – 4 ]. EBN contains many bioactive compounds that are thought to be responsible for its health promoting effects including glucosamine, lactoferrin, sialic acid, amino acids, fatty acids, triacylglycerol, vitamins, minerals and other antioxidants [ 1 , 2 , 5 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of edible bird’s nest following simulated human gastro-intestinal digestion

Yida

Imam

Ismail

2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundEdible birds’ nest (EBN) is reported to be antioxidant-rich. However, the fate of its antioxidants after oral consumption is not yet reported. To explore this, we hypothesized that EBN antioxidants are released from their matrix when subjected to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion.MethodsEBN samples were extracted using hot water (100°C) with or without subsequent sequential enzymatic digestion using pepsin (10,000 units), pancreatin (36 mg) and bile extracts (112.5 mg). Additionally, pH changes (8.9 to 2 and back to 8.9) similar to the gut were applied, and a 10 KDa dialysis tubing was used to simulate gut absorption. The antioxidant capacities of the water extracts of EBN before and after digestion were then determined using ABTS and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, while the protective effects of the EBN samples against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in HEPG2 cells were determined using MTT assay and acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) staining.ResultsAntioxidant assays (ABTS and ORAC) showed that the undigested EBN water extract had little antioxidant activity (1 and 1%, respectively at 1000 μg/mL) while at similar concentrations the digested samples had significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced antioxidant activities, for samples inside (38 and 50%, respectively at 1000 μg/mL) and outside (36 and 50%, respectively at 1000 μg/mL) the dialysis tubing, representing absorbed and unabsorbed samples, respectively. Cell viability and toxicity assays also suggested that the EBN extracts were non-toxic to HEPG2 cells (cell viabilities of over 80% at 1000 μg/mL), while AOPI showed that the extracts protected HEPG2 cells from hydrogen peroxide induced-toxicity.ConclusionsBased on the findings, it is likely that EBN bioactives are released from their matrix when digested in the gut and then absorbed through the gut by passive-mediated transport to exert their functional effects. However, there is need to confirm these findings using in vivo systems to determine their clinical significance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of edible bird’s nest following simulated human gastro-intestinal digestion

Yida

Imam

Ismail

2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…In addition, EBN can be used to treat malnutrition, boosting immune system, improve metabolism, enhancing skin complexion and alleviating asthma as it is rich with water soluble proteins, inorganic salts, amino acids, carbohydrates, and iron [9,12,13]. This was also proven by the previous study which found that EBN can enhance one's complexion, alleviate asthma, and strengthen the immune system [14]. EBN has been traditionally used for its health promoting benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and bone strengthen properties [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evaluation of protein content and antioxidant activity of edible bird’s nest by various methods

2020

Biointerface Res Appl Chem

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein content and antioxidant activity of instant and raw Edible bird’s nest (EBN). This study was conducted using two types of EBNs, which are instant and raw samples. All EBN samples were extracted via three types of extraction method, namely, salt, alkaline, and hot extractions. Lowry’s method was used to analyze protein content and the antioxidant activities were analyzed via free radical scavenging assay 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). This study showed that the highest protein was 2165.90 µg/mL obtained from raw EBN extracted via alkaline solution. In addition, it was also found that the protein concentration of raw EBN was higher compared to instant EBN for all types of extraction procedures. Results from antioxidant assay showed that there was no significant difference between DPPH and FRAP of both EBN. Moreover, TPC results showed that the there was no phenolic compounds detected via all extraction procedures.

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“…EBN is produced by the secretion of swiftlets and only those produced by Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus species are known to be edible . It is widely believed that EBN consumption brings various health benefits . Following the advancement in food analysis technologies, researchers attempted to analyze the variant composition of EBN from various geographical origins, species origins and production origins to gain clearer understandings on the EBN to prevent adulteration and fraud substitution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Polar and Non‐Polar Compounds of House Edible Bird's Nest (EBN) from Johor, Malaysia

Lee

Azmi

et al. 2020

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Avenue of Environment, 5019 Monastir, TunisiaThis work investigated the polar (PC: protein, amino acid and metabolite) and non-polar (NPC: fatty acid) compounds and bioactivity characteristics of the EBN harvested from the state of Johor in Malaysia. The electrophoretic gels exhibited 15 protein bands (16-173 kD) with unique protein profile. Amino acids analysis by AccQ·Tag method revealed 18 types of amino acids in EBN. Metabolite profiling was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-QTOF/ MS) technique and a total of 54 compounds belonging to different groups were detected and identified. These findings help to uncover the relation of therapeutic activity of EBN. The EBN was further extracted with AcOEt and BuOH. The AcOEt extract was fractionated into three fractions (F 1 À F 3 ), and the high triglyceride content in F 2 was verified by gC-FID. The three groups of fatty acids discovered in EBN are 48.43 % of poly-unsaturated (PUFA), 25.35 % of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and 24.74 % of mono-unsaturated fat (MUFA). This is the first time to report results ofEBN, BuOH, and AcOEt extracts and of fraction F 2 (TEBN) on their analysis for their antioxidant activities by DPPH, ABTS and catalase assay and for their paraoxonase and anti-tyrosinase activities. The results showed that TEBN exhibited the significant bioactivity in all assays. These findings suggest that TEBN is a good source for natural bioactive compounds in promoting body vigor. Current work widened the content of EBN especially on the triglyceride and also marked the content of specific location (Johor, Malaysia) of EBN origin.[a] IC 50 (mg/mL): the concentration at which 50 % is inhibited. [b] TEBN: Triglycerides of EBN. [c] BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene. [d] u/ mg protein: μmol of H 2 O 2 destroyed/min/mg protein. [e] IU: mM/min. Values were expressed as mean � SD (n = 3), Different letters in columns indicate significant differences among fractions at P < 0.05 (LSD test).

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Edible bird’s nest: Food or medicine?

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

In vitro bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of edible bird’s nest following simulated human gastro-intestinal digestion

In vitro bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of edible bird’s nest following simulated human gastro-intestinal digestion

Evaluation of protein content and antioxidant activity of edible bird’s nest by various methods

Characterization of Polar and Non‐Polar Compounds of House Edible Bird's Nest (EBN) from Johor, Malaysia

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