Edge-defined, film-fed crystal growth

Working point of the EFG process

“…Considering now fluid mechanics, this pressure difference is the sum of three components [9]: -P 1 the hydrostatic pressure required to raise the liquid along the capillary. This contribution is independent of the die geometrical consideration.…”

“…Depression which pumps the liquid from the crucible to the top of the die is due to the pulling upward of the crystal. This depression is equilibrated by surface tension and is given by the Laplace law [6,8,9].…”

“…r c is directly dependent upon the shape of the desired crystal, r m depends only on the wetting angle ψ between the meniscus and the crystal, the surface tension of the material and the distance h between the melt and the top of the die [6][7][8][9]. Equation (7) introduces the capillary length of the liquid which compares the surface energy to the gravitational energy.…”

An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide and Sapphire Filaments

“…The dotted line indicates second possible curve connecting the dat" points. 23 Introduction Air Force interest in metal matrix composites has-been stimulated by the requirements for materials with high modulus-to-weight and high strength-to-weight ratios for advanced aircraft applications. A great deal of effort in the past few years has been devoted to the identification of new composite systems, their fabrication and their characterization mechanically and chemically.…”

Preparation, properties and application of sapphire single-crystal fibers grown by the EFG method

“…Currently, there exist three commercially used technologies to produce single-crystal fibres of optical quality. The U.S. producer Photran employs the EFG [5][6], the French company Fibercryst uses the "micro-pulling-down" (µ-PD) technique [7] and the U.S. firm MicroMaterials or University di Pisa utilizes the "laser-heated pedestal growth" (LHPG) method [8].…”