“…For the simulative studies, the following design parameters are considered: λ = 0.6 μm, z s = 20 cm, z d = 0, z h = 40 cm, aperture diameter D = 4 mm, NA = 0.01, and z r = 20 cm. Direct imaging with a lens of phase Φ k = −πR 2 =λf 3 and focal length f 3 = 1=z s 1=z h −1 = 13.33 cm, FINCH in the polarization multiplexing scheme and spatial multiplexing scheme with a QPM of phase Φ k = −πR 2 =λf 4 θ k and focal length f 4 = z h =2= 20 cm, an axilens [23] with a phase Φ k = −πR 2 =λf 5 R θ k and a focal length f 5 R = f 0 4Δz=D 2 R, where Δz = 2 cm and f 0 = 19 cm, an axicon with a phase Φ k = −2π=λγR θ k , where γ = 0.005 rad [24,25] , and a SQPM Φ k = −πR 2 =λf 4 LΨ θ k with L = 1 [26,27] are compared. The phase images of the QPM, axilens, axicon, and SQPM are shown in Figs.…”