Edge confined covalent organic framework with efficient biocompatibility and photothermic conversion

Covalent Organic Framework-Based Spherical Nucleic Acid Probe with a Bonding Defect-Amplified Modification Strategy

“…SNAPs are novel nucleic acid structures employing nanoparticles as cores and dense nucleic acid as shells. − These nanostructures possess enhanced stability and better diagnostic and therapeutic performance. , For instance, compared with free nucleic acid molecules, the enzyme resistance effect of SNAPs is stronger. , SNAPs possess better cellular uptake effects, enabling efficient intracellular biomarker detection and drug delivery without the employment of transfection agents. − Therefore, a great number of counterparts based on diverse nanoparticles have been devised. − Similar to metal–organic frameworks, − COFs possess many attractive structural and functional characteristics, − COF-based SNAPs may be a new category of nanomaterials for theranostic applications. However, it is challenging to directly graft dense nucleic acid molecules onto COF NPs because not only there are limited connecting sites on COFs for the immobilization of the nucleic acid molecules but also the strong interaction between COF NPs and nucleic acid skeletons results in the random adsorption of these molecules onto COF NPs, making it hard to decorate the high density of nucleic acid molecules with the desired spatial arrangement to form SNAPs.…”

Metalated covalent organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to diverse applications

“…221 Notably, the addition of 3,6-dihydroxyphthalonitrile to the reaction system could decrease the condensation reaction rate, consequently, controlling the particle size of the phthalocyanine-COFs. 222 Compared with the COFs directly obtained from phthalocyanine monomers, the metallophthalocyanine-COFs synthesized by this method have better aqueous dispersibility but worse crystallinity.…”

“…In addition to being used for CDT, the Fenton-like reactivity of iron-metalated COFs can also be combined Moreover, in 2021, a copper phthalocyanine-based CPF-Cu COF was synthesized by Zang and co-workers using 1,2,4,5tetracyanobenzene as the monomer. 222 Additional 3,6dihydroxyphthalonitrile was added as a regulator to limit the extended growth within the layer and confine CPF-Cu to the nanoscale, and the hydroxyl group at the edge of the nanoparticles made CPF-Cu hydrophilic, both of which are beneficial for antitumor applications. The fused conjugated phthalocyanine framework restricts the rotation of intramolecular chemical bonds, which partially blocks the nonradiative transitions.…”

Covalent Organic Framework-Derived Carbonous Nanoprobes for Cancer Cell Imaging

“…Nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest for bioanalysis and nanomedicine, especially those with persistent porous structures. − Over the past decades, mesoporous silica, metal–organic frameworks, and so on were widely used for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and so on. − Design of novel nanomaterials has increasingly brought new vitality for these fields. − Recently, a type of organic porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), were developed and has received great concern for diverse applications. − Owing to their facile design, well-defined composition, and ultrahigh surface area, COFs are extensively explored for gas separation/storage, catalysis, energy conversion, and so on. − Compared with other traditional nanoporous materials, COFs possess excellent structural diversity, high cargo-loading capability, and high crystallinity, which have recently been reported as important candidates for drug delivery, bioanalysis, and disease theranostics. − …”