EDFA-Based All-Optical Relaying in Free-Space Optical Systems

On the Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed FSO/RF Systems

“…In this appendix, we derive the CDF of the end-to-end SNR γ starting with 1)], we obtain the desired CDF expression given in (8).…”

Effect of dust storms on FSO communications links

“…For example, the system needs to switch to RF link when the visibility reduces to 1.25 km (respectively 1.38 km and 1.53 km) for 22 dBm (respectively 26 dBm and 30 dBm) transmitted power. Another way that helps reducing the effect of dust storm so that we can work under moderate and even dense dust is the use of multi-hop FSO links [14]. An erbium doped fiber amplification (EDFA) is used to amplify the signal and forward it to the next segment of the link.…”

Performance of All-Optical Multihop RoFSO Communication System over Gamma-Gamma Atmospheric Turbulence Channels

“…Unlike in RF communications, the small-scale fading statistics of FSO communications are distance dependent. Therefore, the multihop technique not only improves the path-loss compared to direct transmission, but also mitigates the small-scale fading statistics [18]. Most of the existing work reported multihop FSO systems employing electrical amplification, where the received optical signal at each relay was converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector, amplified and then converted back into an optical signal by a laser [17,19].…”

“…EDFAs are a mature technology, which has a wide-spread use in optical fiber communications as a preamplifier or an in-line amplifier in the 1550 nm range [18]. The application of EDFAs in FSO AF relays has been recently proposed in [20][21][22].…”