Eddy trains and eddy jets tracked by constellated altimetry

Subsurface temperature estimation of mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from satellite observations using a residual muti-channel attention convolution network

“…Mesoscale eddies are widely distributed in the global oceans, with the horizontal radius primarily ranging from 50 km to 300 km and vertical depths exceeding 1000 m (Chelton et al, 2011a;Dong et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014b;Li et al, 2024). They play crucial roles in the mid-to long-distance water mass exchange, material and energy transport, and vertical dynamic enhancement (Liu and Tang, 2018;Chen et al, 2023b). As one of the most complex regions in the ocean circulation system, the Northwest Pacific Ocean has a significant number of mesoscale eddies, exerting profound impacts on the distribution of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll (Xu et al, 2016;Dong et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2022;Yuan and Hu, 2023).…”

“…During the development of satellite sensors, ocean surface data with high spatiotemporal resolution can be continuously obtained, providing abundant information for researching mesoscale eddy surface features (Zhao et al, 2021;Huo et al, 2024). However, due to the lack of high-resolution in-situ observational data, our understanding of the generation and dissipation mechanisms of the vertical three-dimensional temperature structure of specific mesoscale eddies remains limited (Zhang et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2023b). Zhang et al (2013) utilized satellite sea surface information and Argo float-measured data to obtain the universal structure of mesoscale eddies by normalization method and composite analyses.…”