Eddy currents analysis methods for an MRI longitudinal gradient coil

Abstract

PurposeThe rapid switching of the gradient fields induces eddy currents in neighboring metallic structures, causing undesirable effects. Numerical computations are thus required to understand eddy‐currents effects for designing/implementing mitigation (involving passive shielding) and compensating techniques (using pre‐emphasis). Previously, the network‐analysis (NA) method was introduced to compute z‐gradient eddy currents, although limited to a circularly symmetric and unconnected coil. Multi‐layer integral method (MIM) method was recently introduced, modifying the circuit equation involving stream functions. We tailor MIM (TMIM) for a more general eddy‐currents analysis in thin structures. Z‐gradient eddy currents are analyzed and then compared using three methods (NA, TMIM, and Ansys). The analysis helps to evaluate the efficiency of passive shielding and to compensate eddy currents.MethodsNA and TMIM computational frameworks for harmonic and transient eddy‐currents analysis were implemented and cross‐validated against Ansys Maxwell. A pre‐emphasis pulse was modeled for compensating eddy currents.ResultsEddy‐currents analysis of an unconnected z‐gradient coil in both the passive shield and cryostat were computed, and results were comparable to the least computationally efficient Ansys simulations. Although NA computations are fast, TMIM is implemented with reasonable efficiency and applied to circularly unsymmetric geometries. TMIM computations were further validated against Ansys using a connected z‐gradient. Our computations allowed the effective evaluation of the performance of three various passive‐shielding configurations, non‐capped, capped, and slitted (for the first time), and an effective pre‐emphasis compensation model was computed.ConclusionThree eddy‐currents analysis methods were studied and compared. Computationally efficient TMIM allows both harmonic and transient eddy‐currents analysis involving different/complex gradient configurations/situations as well as involved shielding structures. Eddy‐currents pre‐emphasis compensation was demonstrated.