Eddies and the Distribution of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean

Appen, Wilken-Jon von; Baumann, Till; Janout, Markus; Koldunov, Nikolay; Lenn, Yueng‐Djern; Pickart, Robert S.; Scott, Robert B.; Wang, Qiang

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2022.122

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The highest EKE observed corresponded to the upper continental slope at the AK1‐AK3 moorings (0–15 km of the transect) (Figure 5b). This agrees with previous Arctic Ocean studies, which reported an order of magnitude higher EKE along the continental slopes (depths>1,000 m) than elsewhere (von Appen et al., 2022). North of AK3, the EKE in the ABC flow was weaker and indicates a relatively constant flow throughout the 3‐year record (Figure 5b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Structure and Seasonal Variability of the Arctic Boundary Current North of Severnaya Zemlya

et al. 2023

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Warm and saline waters from the North Atlantic enter the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait and the western Barents Sea (Aagard et al., 1987;Schauer et al., 2004) (Figure 1a) and propagate cyclonically along the Arctic continental slope with the Arctic Boundary Current (ABC). These water masses are significantly cooled during the along-slope passage (Bluhm et al., 2020) due to a variety of processes such as vertical heat transfer (Ivanov

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Structure and Seasonal Variability of the Arctic Boundary Current North of Severnaya Zemlya

et al. 2023

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“…The ocean turbulence in our simulations is exclusively generated by shallow melt fronts established in between individual sea ice floes, while the ocean below the mixed layer is mostly quiescent. However, mesoscale eddies in the ocean interior are ubiquitous over the Arctic basin (Dmitrenko et al., 2008; von Appen et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2014), and have radii ranging between 10 and 60 km, comparable to the size of the largest sea‐ice floes. The surface velocity expression of these mesoscale eddies has the potential to interact with sea‐ice floes and associated melt fronts, and generate submesoscale instabilities through mesoscale‐driven surface frontogenesis (Callies et al., 2016; Lapeyre & Klein, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regimes of Sea‐Ice Floe Melt: Ice‐Ocean Coupling at the Submesoscales

Gupta

Thompson

2022

JGR Oceans

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Marginal ice zones are composed of discrete sea‐ice floes, whose dynamics are not well captured by the continuum representation of sea ice in most climate models. This study makes use of an ocean large eddy simulation (LES) model, coupled to cylindrical sea‐ice floes, to investigate thermal and mechanical interactions between melt‐induced submesoscale features and sea‐ice floes, during summer conditions. We explore the sensitivity of sea‐ice melt rates and upper‐ocean turbulence properties to floe size, ice‐ocean drag, and surface winds. Under low wind conditions, upper ocean turbulence transports warm cyclonic filaments from the open ocean toward the center of the floes and enhances their basal melt. This heat transport is partially suppressed by trapping of ice within cold anticyclonic features. When winds are stronger, melt rates are enhanced by the decoupling of floes from the cold, melt‐induced lens underneath sea ice. Distinct dynamical regimes emerge in which the influence of warm filaments on sea‐ice melt is mitigated by the strength of ice‐ocean coupling and eddy size relative to floe size. Simple scaling laws, which may help parameterize these processes in coarse continuum‐based sea‐ice models, successfully capture floe melt rates under these limiting regimes.

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“…These errors are derived from floats in ice‐free waters. There is evidence that mesoscale variability is somewhat dampened in ice‐covered waters in the Arctic Ocean (von Appen et al., 2022). This suggests that the error estimates we provide here may be larger than the true errors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Argo Float Trajectories Under Ice

Oke

Rykova

Pilo

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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Argo floats typically measure ocean properties between the surface and 2,000 m depth every 10 days, and drift at 1,000 m depth in between profiles. When a float surfaces, it obtains an estimate of position via the Global Positioning System (GPS). Floats deployed at high latitude can sometimes either drift under ice, or become covered by ice as the seasons change. At those times, the Argo float cannot surface, cannot acquire a position, and cannot send data. But floats usually continue to profile and retain data on-board. Once the float drifts into a region that is ice-free, or after the ice cover retreats, a float can resurface and return profiles for the period it sampled under ice. For periods when a float sampled under ice, positions are unknown. For those profiles, positions are either disseminated with positions linearly interpolated between known positions, or with no geographic positions. In those periods, an appropriate quality-control flag (8 for interpolated positions, and 9 for missing positions) is included with the Argo data to warn users of the uncertainty (Wong et al., 2021).As of May 2022, the global Argo fleet includes 568 floats that sampled under ice at high-southern latitudes (Figure 1a). In total, these floats have performed over 83,000 profiles, with almost 31,000 profiles disseminated without a measured position, with obvious implications for the utility of these data. In total, there are 2,797 independent position-gaps, with gaps ranging from a single profile without a measured position to gaps of over 300 days (Figure 1b).

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Eddies and the Distribution of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Structure and Seasonal Variability of the Arctic Boundary Current North of Severnaya Zemlya

Structure and Seasonal Variability of the Arctic Boundary Current North of Severnaya Zemlya

Regimes of Sea‐Ice Floe Melt: Ice‐Ocean Coupling at the Submesoscales

Estimating Argo Float Trajectories Under Ice

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