Edad materna y paridad en la población de Tierra del Fuego a mediados del siglo XX: Comparación con la Isla de Pascua

Abstract

RESUMENEl estudio de los nacimientos en el período 1943-1959 en las poblaciones chilenas de Tierra del Fuego e isla de Pascua muestra dos patrones de fecundidad muy distintos que se explican por las distintas situacions históricas, sociales y étnicas. Ambas islas difieren en la estructura poblacional según el censo de 1952 y en las diferencias de edades entre ambos progenitores. La edad media de las madres según la paridad es mayor en la población fueguina. Se ha observado una mayor proporción de madres Rapanui con paridades elevadas y menor edad media por paridad. La fecundidad pascuense debería ser mucho mayor debido al porcentaje mayor de nacimientos de paridades superiores a cinco (40% en madres Rapanui y 12% en Tierra del Fuego).PALABRAS CLAVE: fecundidad, edad materna, paridad, Tierra del Fuego, Isla de Pascua. MATERNAL AGE AND PARITY IN THE POPULATION OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO IN THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY. COMPARISON WITH THE EASTER ISLAND. ABSTRACTThe study of births in the mid-twentieth century in the Chilean populations of Tierra del Fuego and Easter Island shows very different paterns of fertility that can be explained by the historical, social and ethnic situations. Both islands differ in the structure of the 1952 census population, and in the age differences between parents. The mean ages of the mothers by parity are greater in the Tierra del Fuego population. A larger number of Rapanui mothers with high parities and lesser mean age at each parity have been observed. The fertility in the Easter Island should have been larger due to the percentage of births with parities higher than five (40% in Rapanui mothers and 12% in Tierra del Fuego).

The Art of Living as a Community: Profiguration, Sustainability, and Social Development in Rapa Nui

“…Geographically speaking, Rapa Nui is the most isolated human population in the world, and it was colonized during the expansion of Austronesian peoples. Hernández, García-Moro, and Esparza [22] noted that the 52 different paternal surnames that existed in 1934 (census of Rapanui individuals carried out by the Franco-Belgian Mission) have now been reduced by practically half. This can be explained by the fact that, since the population started to open up more from 1966 onwards, there has been an increase in diversity and a decrease in internal kinship due to exogamous unions, although a strong native population base has been maintained despite the number of surnames being reduced.…”