Ectropion and entropion in sub-Saharan Africa: How do we differ?

Balogun, Bolanle G; Adekoya, Bola J; Balogun, Modupe M; Ngwu, Rosemary V; Oworu, Olugbemisola

doi:10.4103/1596-3519.122682

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…When this condition becomes chronic, the secondary punctum stenosis is also added up and the complaints may become more noticeable. In entropion, on the other hand, inward turning of the lid margin into the bulbus may cause the eyelashes to create corneal and conjunctival damage, thereby causing epiphora [16]. Due to involution causes, the rates of ectropion and entropion increase with age; in the general population of people aged ≥50 years, the rate of ectropion occurrence was reported to be 3.9% [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Important Is the Etiology in the Treatment of Epiphora?

Ulusoy

Kıvanç

Atakan

et al. 2016

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. There are several etiological factors that cause epiphora, and treatment differs according to the cause. We aimed to evaluate the etiology of epiphora and the treatment modalities of the affected patients. Materials and Methods. Data of patients who were referred to ophthalmology clinics for epiphora were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were evaluated for epiphora etiology, treatment modalities, and duration of complaints, after complete ophthalmologic examination. Results. This study consisted of 163 patients with a mean age of 64.61 ± 16.52 years (range 1–92 years). Lacrimal system disease (48.4% [79/163]) was the most common cause, followed by ocular surface disease (dry eye/blepharitis) (38.7% [63/163]). Among the patients included in this study, 69% (113/163) did not receive any treatment, whereas only 1.8% (3/163) were treated surgically. About 4.3% of the patients (7/163) had a complaint for more than 5 years (p = 0.012) and six of these had chronic dacryocystitis and one had ectropion. Conclusion. Epiphora not only has a negative impact on patients' comfort, but also puts them at risk for probable intraocular operations in the future. Therefore, the wide range of its etiology must be taken into consideration and adequate etiology-specific treatment options must be applied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Important Is the Etiology in the Treatment of Epiphora?

Ulusoy

Kıvanç

Atakan

et al. 2016

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Blindness can occur because of corneal abrasion or secondary infections, which are common if the condition is not treated [ 2 ]. Several factors may contribute to the development of entropion, including congenital causes [ 3 , 4 ], selective breeding [ 5 , 6 ], scar tissue formation [ 7 , 8 ], and/or age-related processes [ 9 , 10 ]. Congenital entropion has been identified in numerous mammals, including humans [ 11 ], horses [ 12 ], cats [ 13 ], dogs [ 14 ], rabbits [ 15 ], pigs [ 16 ], cattle [ 17 ], goats [ 18 ], and sheep [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Identifies SLC2A9 and NLN Gene Regions as Associated with Entropion in Domestic Sheep

2015

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Entropion is an inward rolling of the eyelid allowing contact between the eyelashes and cornea that may lead to blindness if not corrected. Although many mammalian species, including humans and dogs, are afflicted by congenital entropion, no specific genes or gene regions related to development of entropion have been reported in any mammalian species to date. Entropion in domestic sheep is known to have a genetic component therefore, we used domestic sheep as a model system to identify genomic regions containing genes associated with entropion. A genome-wide association was conducted with congenital entropion in 998 Columbia, Polypay, and Rambouillet sheep genotyped with 50,000 SNP markers. Prevalence of entropion was 6.01%, with all breeds represented. Logistic regression was performed in PLINK with additive allelic, recessive, dominant, and genotypic inheritance models. Two genome-wide significant (empirical P<0.05) SNP were identified, specifically markers in SLC2A9 (empirical P = 0.007; genotypic model) and near NLN (empirical P = 0.026; dominance model). Six additional genome-wide suggestive SNP (nominal P<1x10-5) were identified including markers in or near PIK3CB (P = 2.22x10-6; additive model), KCNB1 (P = 2.93x10-6; dominance model), ZC3H12C (P = 3.25x10-6; genotypic model), JPH1 (P = 4.68x20-6; genotypic model), and MYO3B (P = 5.74x10-6; recessive model). This is the first report of specific gene regions associated with congenital entropion in any mammalian species, to our knowledge. Further, none of these genes have previously been associated with any eyelid traits. These results represent the first genome-wide analysis of gene regions associated with entropion and provide target regions for the development of sheep genetic markers for marker-assisted selection.

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