Ectopic Pregnancy and IUDs; incidence, Risk Rate and Predisposing Factors

Meirik, Olav; Nygren, Karl-Gösta

doi:10.3109/00016348009155422

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Another negative effect of LARC use in reproduction discovered in this study is the inability to achieve a normal pregnancy, including gestation, which may result in multiple fetuses, an ectopic pregnancy, or an abortion. Despite evidence suggesting that ectopic pregnancy may occur infrequently if a woman becomes pregnant while using long-acting reversible contraception [29] . The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) declared that one benefit of long-acting reversible contraception is that it prevents ectopic pregnancy by providing highly effective protection against the possibility of becoming pregnant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myth and misconception about long-acting reversible contraception use among reproductive age group women in Debre Berhan governmental health centers, Ethiopia: qualitative study

Haileyes¹,

Asfaw²,

Ayele³

et al. 2023

Global Reproductive Health

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Background: Despite the effectiveness, convenience, and reversibility of fertility, long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method use is still low in the world and Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Myths and misconceptions are believed to be one of the major reported barriers and impediments to LARC use. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate myths and misconceptions about LARC use among women of reproductive age in Debre Brehan town, Ethiopia, at governmental health centers. Methods: A qualitative study using a qualitative descriptive design was conducted from January 24 to April 15, 2022. Twenty-nine reproductive-age women who came for family planning services and 6 key informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, and an in-depth interview technique with semistructured questionnaires was used to collect the data. The analysis was conducted using the thematic analysis method and ATLAS. ti9 qualitative software was used to support the analysis. Result: The findings of this study revealed that women had a variety of myths and misconceptions about the use of long-acting reversible contraception, including that it had an adverse impact on reproductive health problems and a predisposition to maternal and fetal illness; that the method was unsafe and ineffective in its characteristics; and that, socio-culturally, it was an unacceptable and undesirable method for women to use. Conclusion: This study indicates that there are widespread myths and misconceptions regarding long-acting reversible contraception use in reproductive-age women, which emanate from different concerns in the community. Measures should be taken by the concerned body to dispel or at least reduce these myths and misconceptions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myth and misconception about long-acting reversible contraception use among reproductive age group women in Debre Berhan governmental health centers, Ethiopia: qualitative study

Haileyes¹,

Asfaw²,

Ayele³

et al. 2023

Global Reproductive Health

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Ectopic pregnancy: A case-control study of aetiological risk factors

Tuomivaara

Kauppila

1988

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Aetiological risk factors for ectopic pregnancies were evaluated in a prospective study of 86 consecutive patients with ectopic pregnancy and two age- and parity-matched control groups of women in normal early pregnancy; those with planned pregnancy (65 pairs) and those having legal abortion (51 pairs). Compared with women with planned pregnancy, the patients with ectopic pregnancy more often had an IUD in situ, they had less frequently used hormonal contraception, and they had more legal abortions, curettages, previous ectopic pregnancies, gynaecological operations and salpingo-oophoritis. Compared with women having legal abortion, the patients with ectopic pregnancy had favoured IUD-usage, or they had been without any contraception, and they had an increased frequency of previous ectopic pregnancies. The frequency of fertility problems was also increased in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Our results show that gynaecological pelvic operations, endometrial curettage and evacuation, gynaecological infections, and usage of IUD are important risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, and that infertility seems to be a sign of this risk. In addition, the clinical characteristics of the patients with ectopic pregnancy were similar to those of the patients having legal abortion.

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Ectopic pregnancy — An analysis of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment in 552 cases

1986

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An analysis of the clinical data of 552 patients treated for ectopic pregnancy during 1973-82 in our hospital showed that the prevalence of this complication rose twofold (P less than 0.01) from an annual rate of 10.9 per thousand in 1973 to 20.9 per thousand in 1982. As regards parity distribution, the proportion of the 2-paras increased significantly (P less than 0.05) and this increase was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than in the total population of parturients during this period. The increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancies had a significant positive correlation (P less than 0.05) with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD), but not with previous or present pelvic inflammatory disease or gynaecological or abdominal surgery. Because the 158 patients with an IUD in situ (34%) had a significantly less frequent past history of salpingitis, pelvic operation, infertility, ectopic pregnancy or spontaneous abortion and had less actual pelvic inflammatory changes than the 259 patients without contraception (57%), the IUD seemed to be directly involved with the increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. In the present study lower abdominal pain occurred in 97% of the patients and menstrual disorders in 93%; pelvic examination revealed adnexal mass in 63% and adnexal tenderness in 90% of the patients. Laparoscopy, a sensitive urinary pregnancy test (detection limit 75 IU/1) and culdocentesis were the most important factors in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy as evidenced by positive results in 97, 90 and 83% of the cases, respectively. Due to improved diagnostic procedures the annual rate of an unruptured tube at operation increased from 49% to 73% during the study period.

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Ectopic Pregnancy and IUDs; incidence, Risk Rate and Predisposing Factors

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Myth and misconception about long-acting reversible contraception use among reproductive age group women in Debre Berhan governmental health centers, Ethiopia: qualitative study

Myth and misconception about long-acting reversible contraception use among reproductive age group women in Debre Berhan governmental health centers, Ethiopia: qualitative study

Ectopic pregnancy: A case-control study of aetiological risk factors

Ectopic pregnancy — An analysis of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment in 552 cases

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