Ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the pyriform sinus

Abstract

Ectopic parathyroid adenomas in the pyriform sinus are rare, but should be considered in those patients who have had a failed neck exploration and in those who undergo 4D-CT scanning or SPECT scanning.

WITHDRAWN: An anatomic aberration and a surgical challenge: Mediastinal parathyroid adenoma anterior the pericardium. A case report

“…PHPT is caused by the presence of a single adenoma (75–85%), of a carcinoma (1%) or multiple adenomas (4–5%) and due to hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands (10–20%) as well [10]. However, single parathyroid adenomas are the key culprits of PHPT and since they tend to present great variability concerning their location, their preoperative localization is of paramount surgical and clinical importance [1,2,11].…”

“…The reported prevalence of ectopic parathyroid glands reaches up to 20% of the general population [2] and their ectopic adenomas tend to constitute a severe cause of failed primary surgery for PHPT [4]. Thus, it is mandatory and crucial to pinpoint precisely these tissues so as the patient undergo a successful operation, especially when encountering a mediastinal adenoma.…”

“…Conclusively, there are several documented ectopic locations of single parathyroid adenomas into the mediastinum [[1], [2], [3],[12], [13], [14], [15]]. Nevertheless, it seems that such aberrations are more common than described in the literature and that there are possible anatomic aberrations that have not been described yet.…”

“…Single parathyroid adenomas are the key culprits of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and therefore their preoperative localization is of paramount surgical importance [1,2]. Parathyroid glands and their adenomas are typically located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland [3].…”

“…However, ectopic adenomas located deeper in the mediastinum, as in the presented case, remain a surgical challenge [3]. The incidence of ectopic parathyroid glands reaches up to 20% of the general population [2] and their adenomas tend to constitute a severe cause of failed primary surgery for PHPT [4]. Hence, it is crucial to pinpoint precisely these tissues so as the patient undergo a successful operation.…”