Ectopic Intratracheal Thyroid: A Rare Cause of Airway Obstruction

Rahman, Waheed; Arimbrathodi, Nafil; Abdulkader, Faisal; Al-Enazi, Hussain; Dogan, Zeynel

doi:10.1155/2018/2897943

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Ectopic thyroid can be seen in almost any part of the body. Over 90% of them occur in the tongue (4, 5), followed by the sublingual area, under the jaw area (6), before and after the hyoid bone, the lateral neck, trachea and parotid gland, axillary region, or heart (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). This is consistent with our statistical results for ETC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid carcinoma: A case report and literature review

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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IntroductionEctopic thyroid cancer (ETC) is primary thyroid cancer occurring in ectopic thyroid tissue, and its incidence rate is approximately 0.3%–0.5% of thyroid cancer. Only approximately 132 cases of ETC have been diagnosed and treated worldwide in the past 110 years, with most of them being adults. Of note, patients with ETC are prone to misdiagnosis and mistreatment.Case reportThis was a 13-year-old adolescent female who reported having a sensation of swallowing obstruction when eating blocky foods. Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) found a 2.3 cm ×1.7 cm × 2.1 cm hypoechoic nodule slightly to the right of the deep surface of the tongue base, with a honeycomb shape. Meanwhile, a mixed echogenic nodule of approximately 2.0 cm × 1.9 cm × 2.3 cm was seen deep in the mouth floor, and a very low echogenic region of 1.4 cm × 1.1 cm × 1.8 cm was observed in the nodule. We then performed a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the thyroid nodules guided by CDU, and the results showed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Then, a local extended resection of the thyroid carcinoma was performed. Bilateral cervical IA and adjacent subhyoid lymph node dissection was performed through a small anterior cervical incision. The patient recovered well, and was discharged on the fifth day after surgery. The patient only took levothyroxine tablets for replacement therapy after surgery. The patient was followed up for 36 months, and the thyroid function remained in the normal range. Reexamination by CDU showed no tumor recurrence, lymph node enlargement, or obvious change in the tongue base ectopic thyroid.ConclusionsETC is an extremely rare type of thyroid cancer, which is easy to be misdiagnosed. Preoperative use of CDU, nuclide scanning, computed tomography (CT)/Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and FNAB can significantly reduce the misdiagnosis rate of this disease. Surgery is currently the main treatment for ETC. Complete resection still has a high cure rate. For patients with advanced ETC who cannot be completely resected, external radiotherapy and targeted therapy can be tried, but the prognosis needs to be verified with more cases in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid carcinoma: A case report and literature review

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…1); two were excluded for not being reported in English, 71 were excluded because of lacking detailed information, two were excluded because being redundant older reports of the same patient, and one was a report of a patient with thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion. Of the remaining 38 reports, all have orthotopic thyroid glands which could be distinguished from “ectopic thyroid.” A summary of the clinical details of the 38 ITT patients are shown in Table I 1,2,4–39 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the remaining 38 reports, all have orthotopic thyroid glands which could be distinguished from “ectopic thyroid.” A summary of the clinical details of the 38 ITT patients are shown in Table I . 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benign Intratracheal Thyroid: A Systematic Review of 43 Cases With Five New Case Reports

Brooks

Iwata

et al. 2021

The Laryngoscope

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Objective/Hypothesis To examine the clinical features of benign intratracheal thyroid (ITT) and their management strategies and outcomes. Study Design Case series study. Methods This systemic review was conducted in two international academic centers. This review includes 43 patients: one new case from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, four new cases from Beijing Tongren Hospital, and 38 previously published cases. We analyzed these 43 cases and summarized the patients' epidemiological data, clinical features, and treatment regimens. Results ITTs were less common in men than in women (male:female ratio of 3:10). ITT was observed in patients as young as neonates and as old as 85 years. Orthotopic thyroid nodules were present in 55.8% of the patients with ITT. Malignancy was incidentally found in 4.6% of all ITTs. Imaging examinations showed that the ITTs were typically attached to the posterolateral/lateral tracheal wall of the first, second, or third tracheal rings. Tissue attachment between the ITT and normal thyroid lobes was seen in 59.5% of the patients. Thirty‐seven patients underwent surgery: 30 underwent open surgery, and seven underwent endoscopic debulking resections. One neonate received thyroid suppression therapy. One patient with ITT and papillary thyroid cancer was treated with radiotherapy and ultimately died after recurrence. Conclusions Surgical resection is an effective treatment for benign ITT. We hypothesized that abnormalities during the embryonic development of Berry's ligament might play a role in ITT pathogenesis. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 131:E2609–E2617, 2021

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“…CT and MRI both have а very important role in the diagnosis of EТT, especially when it is distant from the descending pathway of the thyroid 5,7,9,10 . Other imaging modalities such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT CT) with 131 I SPECT CT and endoscopic bronchial ultrasound guided biopsy are useful especially in cases of mediastinal EТT [11][12][13][14] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediastinal ectopic thyroid tissue as diferential diagnostic problem: A case report

et al. 2021

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Introduction. Mediastinal ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) rep-resents a rare entity. Clinically, it can manifest with thyroid gland dysfunction or with symptoms and signs caused by a compressive effect on the surrounding structures, but in most cases it is an asymptomatic condition and incidental finding. All pathologic processes, including malignancy that can occur in the orthotopic thyroid gland can also develop in the ETT. Case report. We presented a case of a 17-year-old female with incidentally found mediastinal ETT. Besides ETT, the patient had an orthotopic thyroid gland and was euthyroid. During follow-up, mild compressive symptoms developed. Magnetic resonance imaging examination showed a non-significant increase of the mediastinal mass volume, but due to its morphological changes, a suspicion of another etiology was raised. A discrepancy between the positive technetium-99m pertechnetate and negative 131 iodine radionuclide imaging of the mediastinal mass was highly suspicious for malignancy. Surgery was performed and the pathologist confirmed that it was a colloid goiter in the mediastinal ETT. Conclusion. Mediastinal ectopic thyroid tissue should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of the mediastinal tumor mass. An increase in the size of the mediastinal ETT, development of compressive symptoms or suspected malignant alteration require surgical treatment.

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Ectopic Intratracheal Thyroid: A Rare Cause of Airway Obstruction

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid carcinoma: A case report and literature review

Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic thyroid carcinoma: A case report and literature review

Benign Intratracheal Thyroid: A Systematic Review of 43 Cases With Five New Case Reports

Mediastinal ectopic thyroid tissue as diferential diagnostic problem: A case report

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