Ectopic expression of Xenorhabdus nematophila chitinase in tobacco confers resistance against Helicoverpa armigera

Mahmood, Saquib; Kumari, Punam; Kisku, Arun Vincent; Mahapatro, G. K.; Banerjee, Nirupama; Sarin, Neera Bhalla

doi:10.1007/s11240-022-02374-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Therefore, this study suggest that even if they have similar biological activity, these chitinases, depending on different strains, may exhibit different pathogenicity activity against target insect and plant pathogenic fungi. Different biological activities of symbiotic bacterial chitinases indicate that these chitinases can be promising candidates for the development of pest-resistant crops [ 72 ]. Thus, further studies on the production of insect-resistant and fungus-resistant transgenic crops with EPN symbiotic bacterial chitinases and mass-production of chitinase proteins as bio-control agent are recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Comparison of Three Chitinases from Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Son,

Kim,

Choo

et al. 2024

Toxins

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Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, respectively, have several biological activities including insecticidal and antimicrobial activities. Thus, XnChi, XhChi, and PtChi, chitinases of X. nematophila, X. hominickii, and P. temperata isolated from Korean indigenous EPNs S. carpocapsae GJ1-2, S. monticolum GJ11-1, and H. megidis GJ1-2 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 to compare their biological activities. Chitinase proteins of these bacterial symbionts purified using the Ni-NTA system showed different chitobiosidase and endochitinase activities, but N-acetylglucosamidinase activities were not shown in the measuring of chitinolytic activity through N-acetyl-D-glucosarmine oligomers. In addition, the proteins showed different insecticidal and antifungal activities. XnChi showed the highest insecticidal activity against Galleria mellonella, followed by PtChi and XhChi. In antifungal activity, XhChi showed the highest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against Fusarium oxysporum with 0.031 mg/mL, followed by PtChi with 0.046 mg/mL, and XnChi with 0.072 mg/mL. XhChi also showed the highest IC50 against F. graminearum with 0.040 mg/mL, but XnChi was more toxic than PtChi with 0.055 mg/mL and 0.133 mg/mL, respectively. This study provides an innovative approach to the biological control of insect pests and fungal diseases of plants with the biological activity of symbiotic bacterial chitinases of entomopathogenic nematodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Comparison of Three Chitinases from Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Son,

Kim,

Choo

et al. 2024

Toxins

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“…This enzymatic degradation weakens the pathogen’s structural integrity, rendering it more susceptible to host defense mechanisms and chemical treatments. Chitinase-expressing transgenic plants have shown increased resistance to fungal infections (Mahmood et al 2022 ). However, the effectiveness of chitinase-based strategies may vary with pathogen species, cell wall composition, environmental conditions, and the timing of enzyme application.…”

Section: Biotechnological Exploits Of Chitinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitinases: expanding the boundaries of knowledge beyond routinized chitin degradation.

Unuofin,

Odeniyi,

Majengbasan

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Chitinases, enzymes that degrade chitin, have long been studied for their role in various biological processes. They play crucial roles in the moulting process of invertebrates, the digestion of chitinous food, and defense against chitin-bearing pathogens. Additionally, chitinases are involved in physiological functions in crustaceans, such as chitinous food digestion, moulting, and stress response. Moreover, chitinases are universally distributed in organisms from viruses to mammals and have diverse functions including tissue degradation and remodeling, nutrition uptake, pathogen invasion, and immune response regulation. The discovery of these diverse functions expands our understanding of the biological significance and potential applications of chitinases. However, recent research has shown that chitinases possess several other functions beyond just chitin degradation. Their potential as biopesticides, therapeutic agents, and tools for bioremediation underscores their significance in addressing global challenges. More importantly, we noted that they may be applied as bioweapons if ethical regulations regarding production, engineering and application are overlooked.

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“…However, these non‐seed plant counterparts have rarely if at all been reported to have insecticidal activities, either by forward discovery involving direct isolation from the plant tissues and then gene identification, or through reverse discovery using genomics first approaches followed by recombinant validation. Chitinase enzymes from both non‐plant and plant sources have been studied for insecticidal activities (Mahmood et al., 2022; Osman et al., 2015), but reports are largely lacking for insecticidal activities from non‐seed plant chitinases. It could be that the non‐seed plant research into these protein classes simply lags, but this relative absence of potent insecticidal activities could indicate less biological relevance for insect control.…”

Section: Insecticidal Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐seed plants are emerging gene sources for agriculture and insect control proteins

Simmons

Herman

2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYThe non‐seed plants (e.g., charophyte algae, bryophytes, and ferns) have multiple human uses, but their contributions to agriculture and research have lagged behind seed plants. While sharing broadly conserved biology with seed plants and the major crops, non‐seed plants sometimes possess alternative molecular and physiological adaptations. These adaptations may guide crop improvements. One such area is the presence of multiple classes of insecticidal proteins found in non‐seed plant genomes which are either absent or widely diverged in seed plants. There are documented uses of non‐seed plants, and ferns for example have been used in human diets. Among the occasional identifiable toxins or antinutritive components present in non‐seed plants, none include these insecticidal proteins. Apart from these discrete risk factors which can be addressed in the safety assessment, there should be no general safety concern about sourcing genes from non‐seed plant species.

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Ectopic expression of Xenorhabdus nematophila chitinase in tobacco confers resistance against Helicoverpa armigera

Cited by 5 publications

References 71 publications

Functional Comparison of Three Chitinases from Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Functional Comparison of Three Chitinases from Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Chitinases: expanding the boundaries of knowledge beyond routinized chitin degradation.

Non‐seed plants are emerging gene sources for agriculture and insect control proteins

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