Ectopic expression of the <i><scp>PISTILLATA</scp></i> homologous <i>Md<scp>PI</scp></i> inhibits fruit tissue growth and changes fruit shape in apple

Yao, Jia‐Long; Xu, Juan; Tomes, Sumathi; Cui, Wei; Luo, Zhiwei; Deng, Cecilia; Ireland, Hilary S.; Schaffer, Robert J.; Gleave, Andrew P.

doi:10.1002/pld3.51

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The formation of sRNAs in these regions in sense and antisense is a hallmark of post-transcriptional gene silencing occurring in plants during transgenesis (De Paoli et al, 2009) therefore validating the silencing of MdDAM1 in the transgenic lines #1, #2 and #4 by RNA interference (RNAi). This RNA silencing could be either caused by the threshold of MdDAM1 transcripts generated by the use of a combination of the strong CaMV35S promoter and the tOCS terminator as described in other transgenic apple studies (Yao et al, 2018), or due to the numerous T-DNA insertions that occurred during transgenesis in lines #1, #2 and #4 (Schubert et al, 2004). In contrast, line #3 showed a single T-DNA insertion ( Figure S3) and a higher expression of MdDAM1 compared to the NT control and did not reach a sufficient threshold to trigger RNA silencing of the endogenous copy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple

et al. 2020

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Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter to acquire competency to flower and grow in the following spring. Climate change or adverse meteorological conditions can impair release of dormancy and delay bud break, hence jeopardizing fruit production and causing substantial economic losses. In order to characterize the molecular mechanisms controlling bud dormancy in apple we focused our work on the MADS-box transcription factor gene MdDAM1. We show that MdDAM1 silencing is required for the release of dormancy and bud break in spring. MdDAM1 transcript levels are drastically reduced in the low-chill varieties 'Anna' and 'Dorsett Golden' compared to 'Golden Delicious' corroborating its role as a key genetic factor controlling the release of bud dormancy in Malus species. The functional characterization of MdDAM1 using RNA silencing resulted in trees unable to cease growth in winter and that displayed an evergrowing, or evergreen, phenotype several years after transgenesis. These trees lost their capacity to enter in dormancy and produced leaves and shoots regardless of the season. A transcriptome study revealed that apple evergrowing lines are a genocopy of 'Golden Delicious' trees at the onset of the bud break with the significant gene repression of the related MADS-box gene MdDAM4 as a major feature. We provide the first functional evidence that MADS-box transcriptional factors are key regulators of bud dormancy in pome fruit trees and demonstrate that their silencing results in a defect of growth cessation in autumn. Our findings will help producing low-chill apple variants from the elite commercial cultivars that will withstand climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple

et al. 2020

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“…For instance, the insertion of transposons in the MdPI intron resulted in the development of parthenocarpic fruit in apple germplasms 17 . In contrast, ectopic expression of PI inhibited fruit flesh tissue growth, resulting in fleshless, small berries in both apple and grape ( Vitis vinifera ) 35 , 36 . The downregulation of the SEP1 -like gene TM29 caused parthenocarpic fruit in tomato 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MADS-box gene FveSEP3 plays essential roles in flower organogenesis and fruit development in woodland strawberry

Cheng

et al. 2021

Hortic Res

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Flower and fruit development are two key steps for plant reproduction. The ABCE model for flower development has been well established in model plant species; however, the functions of ABCE genes in fruit crops are less understood. In this work, we identified an EMS mutant named R27 in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), showing the conversion of petals, stamens, and carpels to sepaloid organs in a semidominant inheritance fashion. Mapping by sequencing revealed that the class E gene homolog FveSEP3 (FvH4_4g23530) possessed the causative mutation in R27 due to a G to E amino acid change in the conserved MADS domain. Additional fvesep3CR mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed similar phenotypes to fvesep3-R27. Overexpressing wild-type or mutated FveSEP3 in Arabidopsis suggested that the mutation in R27 might cause a dominant-negative effect. Further analyses indicated that FveSEP3 physically interacted with each of the ABCE proteins in strawberry. Moreover, both R27 and fvesep3CR mutants exhibited parthenocarpic fruit growth and delayed fruit ripening. Transcriptome analysis revealed that both common and specific differentially expressed genes were identified in young fruit at 6–7 days post anthesis (DPA) of fvesep3 and pollinated wild type when compared to unpollinated wild type, especially those in the auxin pathway, a key hormone regulating fruit set in strawberry. Together, we provided compelling evidence that FveSEP3 plays predominant E functions compared to other E gene homologs in flower development and that FveSEP3 represses fruit growth in the absence of pollination and promotes fruit ripening in strawberry.

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“…External characteristics of fruit such as the final size, weight, and shape are the key attributes used by consumers to identify and select preferred cultivars. Recently, it has been suggested that the manipulation of these attributes is a largely unused opportunity to create new and differentiated products [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Fruit Growth in a Peach Slow Ripening Phenotype

Farinati

Forestan

Canton

et al. 2021

Genes

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Consumers’ choices are mainly based on fruit external characteristics such as the final size, weight, and shape. The majority of edible fruit are by tree fruit species, among which peach is the genomic and genetic reference for Prunus. In this research, we used a peach with a slow ripening (SR) phenotype, identified in the Fantasia (FAN) nectarine, associated with misregulation of genes involved in mesocarp identity and showing a reduction of final fruit size. By investigating the ploidy level, we observed a progressive increase in endoreduplication in mesocarp, which occurred in the late phases of FAN fruit development, but not in SR fruit. During fruit growth, we also detected that genes involved in endoreduplication were differentially modulated in FAN compared to SR. The differential transcriptional outputs were consistent with different chromatin states at loci of endoreduplication genes. The impaired expression of genes controlling cell cycle and endocycle as well as those claimed to play a role in fruit tissue identity result in the small final size of SR fruit.

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Ectopic expression of the PISTILLATA homologous MdPI inhibits fruit tissue growth and changes fruit shape in apple

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple

The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple

The MADS-box gene FveSEP3 plays essential roles in flower organogenesis and fruit development in woodland strawberry

Regulation of Fruit Growth in a Peach Slow Ripening Phenotype

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