Ectopic expression of <i>Triticum polonicum VRT-A2</i> underlies elongated glumes and grains in hexaploid wheat in a dosage-dependent manner

Adamski, Nikolai M; Simmonds, James; Brinton, Jemima; Backhaus, Anna E; Chen, Yi; Smedley, Mark; Hayta, Şadiye; Florio, Tobin; Crane, Pamela; Scott, P. R.; Pieri, Alice; Hall, Olyvia; Barclay, J. Elaine; Clayton, Myles; Doonan, John; Nibau, Cândida; Uauy, Cristóbal

doi:10.1093/plcell/koab119

Cited by 40 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…We performed qRT-PCR on a cv Paragon NIL carrying the VRT-A2b allele and compared VRT-A2 expression against the Paragon wildtype NIL described above (Figure 4). Consistent with the results of Adamski et al (2021), we detected significantly higher expression of VRT-A2b compared to the wildtype allele across most of the tissue sections (see Supplemental Table S6 for individual comparisons), and a progressive decrease in VRT-A2b expression over time (P = 0.031).…”

Section: Svp Expression Is Higher In Basal and Peduncle Sections And Increased Across All Sections In T Polonicum Vrt-a2b Isogenic Linessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…polonicum VRT-A2b allele on the expression gradient of VRT-A2 and spike morphology. Adamski et al (2021) showed that VRT-A2 in T. polonicum, a tetraploid subspecies of wheat, carries a sequence re-arrangement in its first intron. This results in the higher expression of the T. polonicum VRT-A2b allele, with respect to the wildtype VRT-A2a allele, during early spike development.…”

Section: Svp Expression Is Higher In Basal and Peduncle Sections And Increased Across All Sections In T Polonicum Vrt-a2b Isogenic Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm used in this study includes wildtype hexaploid wheat cultivar Paragon and P1/VRT2 germplasm described in Adamski et al (2021) Four individual spikes per developmental stage (DR and GP) were dissected into apical, central, and basal sections (1:1:1 ratio) using a stereo microscope (Leica MZ16). Sections were immediately placed into 96-well plates (on ice) containing 10 μL of RLT plus (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18-20 plants per genotype were grown in 1 L pots containing John Innes Cereal Mix under long day conditions (16 h light, 8 h dark). The genotypes of all plants were confirmed using KASP marker SP1Pol (Adamski et al, 2021).We counted the number of rudimentary basal spikelets (RBS) for all tillers of all biological replicates at maturity. To evaluate the differences in RBS between genotypes, we performed a two-way ANOVA analysis and post-hoc multi-pairwise comparisons Sidak test ('car' package version 3.0-10; RStudio 1.2.5001).…”

Section: Glasshouse Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To validate the phenotypic effect of VRT-A2, we analysed transgenic wheat lines transformed with the complete genomic T. polonicum VRT-A2b sequence (including the native promoter and the intron 1 rearrangement). Transgenic T1 lines were classified based on the transgene copy number which was previously shown by Adamski et al (2021) to be highly correlated with VRT-A2 expression levels in multiple tissues. We phenotyped lines with zero (n = 2 independent events; 5 plants each), low (1-5 transgene copies; n = 4 independent events; 5 plants each) and high (9-35 transgene copies, n = 2 independent events; 5 plants each) transgene copy number.…”

Section: Misexpression Of Vrt-a2b In T Polonicum Increases Rudimentary Basal Spikelet Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High expression of VRT2 increases the number of rudimentary basal spikelets in wheat

Backhaus

Lister

Tomkins

et al. 2021

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Spikelets are the fundamental building blocks of Poaceae inflorescences and their development and branching patterns determine the various inflorescence architectures and grain yield of grasses. In wheat, the central spikelets produce the most and largest grains, while spikelet size gradually decreases acro- and basipetally, giving rise to the characteristic lanceolate shape of wheat spikes. The acropetal gradient correlates with the developmental age of spikelets, however the basal spikelets are developed first and the cause of their small size and rudimentary development is unclear. Here, we adapted G&T-seq, a low-input transcriptomics approach, to characterise gene expression profiles within spatial sections of individual spikes before and after the establishment of the lanceolate shape. We observed larger differences in gene expression profiles between the apical, central and basal sections of a single spike than between any section belonging to consecutive developmental timepoints. We found that SVP MADS-box transcription factors, including VRT-A2, are expressed highest in the basal section of the wheat spike and display the opposite expression gradient to flowering E-class SEP1 genes. Based on multi-year field trials and transgenic lines we show that higher expression of VRT-A2 in the basal sections of the spike is associated with increased numbers of rudimentary basal spikelets. Our results, supported by computational modelling, suggest that the delayed transition of basal spikelets from vegetative to floral developmental programmes results in the lanceolate shape of wheat spikes. This study highlights the value of spatially resolved transcriptomics to gain new insights into developmental genetics pathways of grass inflorescences.

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Section: Svp Expression Is Higher In Basal and Peduncle Sections And Increased Across All Sections In T Polonicum Vrt-a2b Isogenic Linessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Svp Expression Is Higher In Basal and Peduncle Sections And Increased Across All Sections In T Polonicum Vrt-a2b Isogenic Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glasshouse Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Misexpression Of Vrt-a2b In T Polonicum Increases Rudimentary Basal Spikelet Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High expression of VRT2 increases the number of rudimentary basal spikelets in wheat

Backhaus

Lister

Tomkins

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression characterization of the pepper MADS-box gene family

Gan

Feng

et al. 2022

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MADS domain transcription factors play roles throughout the whole lifecycle of plants from seeding to flowering and fruitbearing. However, systematic research into MADS-box genes of the economically important vegetable crop pepper (Capsicum spp.) is still lacking. We identified 174, 207, and 72 MADS-box genes from the genomes of C. annuum, C. baccatum and C. chinense, respectively. These 453 MADS-box genes were divided into type I (Mα, Mβ, Mγ) and type II (MIKC* and MIKCC) based on their phylogenetic relationships. Collinearity analysis identified 144 paralogous genes and 195 orthologous genes in the three pepper species, and 70, 114, and 10 MADS-box genes specific to C. annuum, C. baccatum and C. chinense, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis highlighted functional differentiation among homologous MADS-box genes during pepper evolution. Tissue expression analysis revealed three main expression patterns: highly expressed in roots, stems, leaves and flowers (CaMADS93/CbMADS35/CcMADS58); only expressed in roots; and specifically expressed in flowers (Ca-MADS26/CbMADS31/CcMADS11). This study provides the basis for an in-depth study of the evolutionary features and biological functions of pepper MADS-box genes. Hosted fileessoar.10512212.1.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/542768/articles/601054genome-wide-identification-evolution-and-expression-characterization-of-the-pepper-madsbox-gene-family Core Ideas:• Genome-wide identification identified 454 MADS-box genes from Capsicum spp. Genomes.• Genome-wide identification revealed the evolutionary relationship of MADSbox gene family in Capsicum spp.• Most of the Capsicum MADS-box genes have been amplified on a large scale.• Most of the Capsicum MADS-box genes have undergone purification selection during evolution.• Tissue specific expression patterns of most MADS-box genes indicated their functional diversity. Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression characterization of the pepper MADS-box gene familyZhicheng Gan,

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The Triticum ispahanicum elongated glume locus P2 maps to chromosome 6A and is associated with the ectopic expression of SVP-A1

et al. 2022

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Key message We propose the MADS-box transcription factor SVP-A1 as a promising candidate gene for the elongated glume locus P2, which maps to chromosome 6A instead of the previously proposed chromosome 7B. Abstract In rice and wheat, glume and floral organ length are positively correlated with grain size, making them an important target to increase grain size and potentially yield. The wheat subspecies Triticum ispahanicum is known to develop elongated glumes and floral organs as well as long grains. These multiple phenotypic effects are controlled by the P2 locus, which was previously mapped to wheat chromosome 7B. Using three mapping populations, we show that the long glume locus P2 does not map to chromosome 7B, but instead maps to a 1.68 Mbp interval on chromosome 6A. Within this interval, we identified SVP-A1, a MADS box transcription factor which is the direct ortholog of the maize gene underlying the ‘pod corn’ Tunicate locus and is a paralog to the T. polonicum elongated glume P1 gene. In T. ispahanicum, we identified a unique allele which has a 482-bp deletion in the SVP-A1 promoter and is associated with ectopic and higher expression of SVP-A1 in the elongated glumes and floral organs. We used near-isogenic lines (NILs) to show that P2 has a consistent positive effect on the length of glume, lemma, palea, spike and grain. Based on the mapping data, natural variation, biological function of SVP genes in cereals and expression analyses, we propose the MADS-box transcription factor SVP-A1 as a promising candidate for P2.

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Ectopic expression of Triticum polonicum VRT-A2 underlies elongated glumes and grains in hexaploid wheat in a dosage-dependent manner

Cited by 40 publications

References 91 publications

High expression of VRT2 increases the number of rudimentary basal spikelets in wheat

High expression of VRT2 increases the number of rudimentary basal spikelets in wheat

Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression characterization of the pepper MADS-box gene family

The Triticum ispahanicum elongated glume locus P2 maps to chromosome 6A and is associated with the ectopic expression of SVP-A1

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