Ectopic Expression of Grapevine Gene VaRGA1 in Arabidopsis Improves Resistance to Downy Mildew and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 But Increases Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Abstract

The protein family with nucleotide binding sites and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) in plants stimulates immune responses caused by effectors and can mediate resistance to hemi-biotrophs and biotrophs. In our previous study, a Toll-interleukin-1(TIR)-NBS-LRR gene cloned from Vitis amurensis “Shuanghong”, VaRGA1, was induced by Plasmopara viticola and could improve the resistance of tobacco to Phytophthora capsici. In this study, VaRGA1 in “Shuanghong” was also induced by salicylic acid (SA), but inhibited by jasmonic acid (JA). To investigate whether VaRGA1 confers broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens, we transferred this gene into Arabidopsis and then treated with Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). Results showed that VaRGA1 improved transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to the biotrophic Hpa and hemi-biotrophic PstDC3000, but decreased resistance to the necrotrophic B. cinerea. Additionally, qPCR assays showed that VaRGA1 plays an important role in disease resistance by activating SA and inhibiting JA signaling pathways. A 1104 bp promoter fragment of VaRGA1 was cloned and analyzed to further elucidate the mechanism of induction of the gene at the transcriptional level. These results preliminarily confirmed the disease resistance function and signal regulation pathway of VaRGA1, and contributed to the identification of R-genes with broad-spectrum resistance function.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis highlights contrasting levels of resistance of Vitis vinifera and Vitis amurensis to Botrytis cinerea

“…The expression of R genes from the gene set associated with the ‘cell death’ GO term was upregulated only in the infected RG leaves and not in the infected SY leaves; these genes often induce HR cell death 30 . Moreover, the grape R gene VaRGA1 and the tomato R gene SlNL33 function to increase susceptibility to B. cinerea 31 , 32 . Thus, we suggest that ROS accumulation and possibly cell death associated with R genes might be involved in the susceptibility of RG to B. cinerea .…”

Mno‐miR164a and MnNAC100 regulate the resistance of mulberry to Botrytis cinerea

“…In the case of necrotrophic pathogens like B. cinerea , the accumulation of reactive oxygen species during pathogen infection leads to cell death and tissue necrosis. This creates a favorable environment for pathogen invasion by providing a nutrient‐rich substrate, thereby enhancing host susceptibility (Tian et al 2019). MDA serves as a significant product of lipid peroxidation in the plant defense process (Gechev et al 2002).…”

A novel maize microRNA negatively regulates resistance to Fusarium verticillioides

“…According to the different life styles, plant pathogens can be divided into biotrophs (which prefer living cells) and necrotrophs (which prefer dead cells) (Barna et al, 2012). In the case of necrotrophic pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea , cell death and tissue necrosis caused by accumulation of reactive oxygen species during pathogen infection were reported to benefit pathogen invasion by offering a growth substrate, thus increasing host susceptibility (Hanif et al, 2018; Tian et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2018). F. verticillioides is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen (Rivas‐San Vicente et al, 2013).…”