Ectopic expression of bioactive peptides and serotonin in the sacciform gland cells of teleost skin.

Fasulo, Salvatore; Tagliafierro, Grazia; Contini, A.; Ainis, L.; Ricca, M. B.; Yanaihara, Noboru; Zaccone, Giacomo

doi:10.1679/aohc.56.117

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In previous studies on the epidermis of Mastacembe]us pancalus (Mittal & Munshi, 1971), Mastacembelus armatus, Mastacembelus erythrotaenia (Zaccone, 1981(Zaccone, , 1982a and Lepadogaster candollei (Zaccone & Licata, 1983), however, GPs were not visualized in the sacciform cells. In general, the contents of the sacciform cells were found to be predominantly proteinaceous in nature (Mittal et aI., 1981;Whitear, 1986) and have been shown histochemically to contain varying other constituents such as cholesterol (Mittal & Agarwal, 1977;Zaccone, 1981), enzymes (Zaccone, 1982b), serotonin (Zaccone et al, 1986), bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide-like bioactive peptides (Zaccone et aI., 1987(Zaccone et aI., , 1988 and caerulein (Fasulo et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, sacciform cells and club cells occur in certain fish species. The secretions elaborated and released by the unicellular gland cells contribute to the surface mucus, a gel-like slippery, gluey, viscous substance, which is assumed to function as a lubricant to reduce body friction and to provide protection to fish in a variety of ways (Mittal & Banerjee, 1980;Imaki & Chavin, 1984;Whitear, 1986;Zaccone et al, 1986Zaccone et al, , 1989Fasulo et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histochemical analysis of glycoproteins in the unicellular glands in the epidermis of an Indian freshwater fish Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton)

et al. 1994

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The unicellular glands in the epidermis of the Indian freshwater fish Mastacembelus pancalus consist of three types of mucous cells and sacciform cells. The histochemical properties of their secretory glycoproteins have been analysed by means of a battery of histochemical methods. These included methods for the identification and simultaneous visualization of oxidizable vicinal diols, O-acyl sugars, O-sulphate esters and sialic acid residues with or without side-chain O-acyl variants. Four general classes of glycoproteins (GPs) were identified. These included (i) GPs with O-sulphate esters and oxidizable vicinal diols, (ii) GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols and sialic acid residues with or without O-acyl substitution at C7, (iii) GPs mainly with O-sulphate esters, low moieties of GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols, O-acyl sugars and sialic acid residues with side-chain O-acyl variant predominantly at C8 (or which are di- or tri-substituted) or C9 and in traces of sialic acid residues without O-acyl substitution or with O-acyl substitution at C7, and (iv) GPs with traces of oxidizable vicinal diols, O-acyl sugars and sialic acid residues with O-acyl substitution at C8 (or which are di- or tri-substituted) or C9. The physiological significances of these GP classes and their release on the surface of the epidermis are discussed with special reference to their role in lubrication, protection and inhibition of the invasion and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms in the epidermis, as adapted to the peculiar mode of life of the fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical analysis of glycoproteins in the unicellular glands in the epidermis of an Indian freshwater fish Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton)

et al. 1994

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“…The secretory contents of these cells were, however, demonstrated to be primarily proteinaceous (25,52). In addition, these were shown to involve cholesterol (20), hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes (57,58), serotonin, bombesin and gastrin releasing peptide like bioactive peptides and caerulein (3,59,60) as well.…”

Section: ) Sacciform Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that principal constituents of mucus secreted by fish epidermis consists, in general, of macromolecules of complex and diversified natures including glycoproteins (GPs) (3,21,33,52,59,60,61). Different classes of GPs have been postulated to serve a variety of physiological activities in mammalian tissues (5,11,31,32,34,38,46,47,50).…”

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confidence: 99%

Histochemical Analysis of Glycoproteins in the Epidermal Mucous Cells and Sacciform Cells of an Indian Swamp Eel Monopterus Cuchia (Hamilton) (Synbranchiformes, Pisces).

Mittal

Ueda

Fujimori

et al. 1994

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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In the epidermis of the fish Monopterus cuchia, the mucous and sacciform cells have been studied by means of a series of histochemical procedures for localizing and characterizing glycoprotein (GP) classes involving oxidizable vicinal diols, O-acyl sugars, O-sulfate esters and sialic acid residues without or with Oacyl substituents.GPs secreted by these gland cells belong to three general categories. These are (i) GPs synthesized by type A mucous cells and predominantly containing O-sulfate esters and small amounts oxidizable vicinal diols, O-acyl sugars and sialic acid residues without or with O-acyl substitution at C7, C8(or which are di-or tri-substituted) or C9, (ii) GPs elaborated by type B mucous cells primarily with Osulfate esters, and relatively small amounts of oxidizable vicinal diols and sialic acid residues predominantly without or with O-acyl substitution at C7 as well, and (iii) GPs secreted by sacciform cells with exceedingly small amounts of oxidizable vicinal diols and O-sulfate esters. Mixed GPs on the surface mucous layer are considered to play an important function for lubrication, adherence of micro-organisms and inhibition of their invasion and proliferation in the epidermis, hydration and viscoelastic properties, in relation to an adaptation for the maintenance of this semi-terristrial fish frequently exposed to semi-arid conditions.

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“…Moreover, skin mucus contains lectins, lysozymes, complement proteins, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and immunoglobulins to deter pathogenic infiltration (Suzuki et al, 2003, Rombout et al, 1993, Aranishi et al, 1997, Boshra et al, 2006, Fasulo et al, 1993. AMPs are potent, broad spectrum antibiotics which can kill microbes and modulate the immune response.…”

Section: The Innate Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune defence mechanisms of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) peripheral blood against Streptococci

Masterman¹

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IMMUNE DEFENCE MECHANISMS OF BARRAMUNDI (Lates calcarifer) PERIPHERAL BLOOD AGAINST STREPTOCOCCIAquaculture now supplies more than half of the fish used for human consumption and is a major contributor to global food security. As aquaculture growth must be sustained to continue to supply increasing population-driven demand for food fish, efficiency must be increased. In spite of major inroads in disease control through mass vaccination of farm fish, bacterial diseases continue to cause substantial losses, particularly in tropical and warmtemperate regions where aquaculture is expanding fastest. To develop new vaccines, and improve existing vaccines for effective disease control in these regions, an improved understanding of the mechanisms of pathogen immune evasion and dissemination within the host may identify new vaccine targets. Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae are significant pathogens of warm and temperate farmed and wild fish. Both have a broad host range, express a polysaccharide capsule as a major virulence determinant and cause similar pathologies characterized by rapid sepsis, followed by meningitis and death. S. iniae causes significant mortality in barramundi, Lates calcarifer. Interestingly, S. agalactiae ST261, although causing mortality in wild fish along the Queensland coast, does not appear to cause mortality in barramundi farmed in close proximity. This difference provides a basis for comparison, in order to explore the requirements for blood colonization and sepsis by S. iniae in barramundi, and to increase our understanding of sepsis in fish.S. iniae grew rapidly in barramundi blood, doubling in less than 30 minutes in a whole blood bactericidal assay. In contrast, S. agalactiae was unable to multiply. Moreover, E. coli DH5 was completely killed in barramundi blood during the same incubation period, suggesting 3 that antibacterial humoral and cellular immune defences were functional within the blood bactericidal model. A capsular defective strain of S. iniae also survived in the bloodbactericidal assay, however the rapid proliferation was reduced, suggesting that while the capsule is important for bacterial colonisation it is not the only means used to evade bloodborne defences. As gram-positive pathogens are particularly susceptible to lysozyme due to the dominance of muramic acids in the cell wall, the role of lysozyme was investigated.Lysozyme levels in barramundi serum and plasma were undetectable in a lysis assay using Micrococcus lysodeitikus, indicating very low levels of circulating lysozyme in healthy barramundi.The first responder immune cells in blood are neutrophils and these are critical in the prevention of sepsis; for example, granulocytopenia (circulating granulocyte deficiency) is associated with increased susceptibility to Escherichia coli K1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis in neonates, and this can be partially repaired by injection of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to increase neutrophil numbers (Deshmukh et al., 2014). This critic...

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Ectopic expression of bioactive peptides and serotonin in the sacciform gland cells of teleost skin.

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Histochemical analysis of glycoproteins in the unicellular glands in the epidermis of an Indian freshwater fish Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton)

Histochemical analysis of glycoproteins in the unicellular glands in the epidermis of an Indian freshwater fish Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton)

Histochemical Analysis of Glycoproteins in the Epidermal Mucous Cells and Sacciform Cells of an Indian Swamp Eel Monopterus Cuchia (Hamilton) (Synbranchiformes, Pisces).

Immune defence mechanisms of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) peripheral blood against Streptococci

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