Ectoparasites: Direct impact on host fitness

Lehmann, Tovi

doi:10.1016/0169-4758(93)90153-7

Cited by 279 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Ectoparasites exploit a variety of host resources and can thus affect many aspects of host condition (Lehmann 1993). Colorful ornaments are often vulnerable targets of the negative effects of ectoparasites (Hamilton and Zuk 1982;Fitze and Richner 2002) because color expression is linked to physiological processes underlying condition (Hill et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorful displays signal male quality in a tropical anole lizard

Cook

Murphy

Johnson

2013

Naturwissenschaften

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Parasites influence colorful ornaments and their behavioral display in many animal hosts. Because coloration and display behavior are often critical components of communication, variation in these traits may have important implications for individual fitness, yet it remains unclear whether such traits are signals of quality in many taxa. We investigated the association between ectoparasitic mite load and the color and behavioral use of the throat fan (dewlap) by male Anolis brevirostris lizards. We found that heavily parasitized lizards exhibited lower body condition, duller dewlaps, and less frequent dewlap displays than less parasitized individuals. Our results thus suggest that highly parasitized individuals invest less in both ornamental color and behavioral display of that color. Because the two components of the signal simultaneously provide information on male quality, this study provides novel support for the long-standing hypothesis that colorful traits may function as social or sexual signals in reptiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorful displays signal male quality in a tropical anole lizard

Cook

Murphy

Johnson

2013

Naturwissenschaften

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“…Os ectoparasitos afetam as aves diretamente, alimentando-se delas e indiretamente, servindo como vetores de protozoários, bactérias e vírus. Os ectoparasitos de aves, que incluem uma variedade de insetos (percevejos, pulgas e piolhos), de carrapatos e de ácaros que infestam penas, pele, passagens respiratórias e ninhos e podem deixá-las susceptíveis a infecções secundárias (PHILIPS 1990) e podem induzir anemia (LEHMAN 1993). Outros efeitos que afetam a aptidão e o sucesso reprodutivo são o atraso na postura dos ovos (MOLLER 1990); a diminuição no tamanho da ninhada (MOSS & CAMIN 1970, LOPE & MOLLER 1993, causando acentuada redução da sobrevivência dos ninhegos parasitados em até 50% (BROWN & BROWN 1986), a diminuição da massa corporal dos ninhegos (MOSS & CAMIN 1970, BROWN & BROWN 1986, MOLLER 1990, MERINO & POTTI 1995, ALVES 1997 e de adultos (THOMPSON et al 1997).…”

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Ácaros de penas e carrapatos (Acari) associados a Turdus albicollis Vieillot (Aves, Muscicapidae) em uma área de Mata Atlântica da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

2005

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O parasitismo é um importante mecanismo que afeta populações e comunidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a fauna de ectoparasitos que habita o corpo do sabiá-de-coleira, Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 e avaliar se a massa corporal do hospedeiro é afetada por estes parasitos. Os indivíduos de T. albicollis foram mensalmente capturados na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, no período de julho de 1999 a junho de 2000, em uma área de Floresta Atlântica. As aves foram individualmente marcadas, pesadas e examinadas para registrar e quantificar a presença de ectoparasitos. A abundância e a localização dos parasitos no corpo do hospedeiro foram registradas. Em 54 indivíduos de T. albicollis amostrados, foram encontrados duas espécies de ectoparasitos. A prevalência de ácaros de penas, Pterodectes turdinus Berla, 1959, foi de 72,2% enquanto que a de carrapatos, Amblyomma longirostre Koch, 1844, foi de 27,8%. A abundância mensal de P. turdinus foi significativamente relacionada com os meses do ano, sendo maior nos meses com menor freqüência de chuva. Não houve relação estatisticamente significativa entre a massa corporal do hospedeiro (g) e a abundância total de ácaros de penas e carrapatos.

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“…Of these, ectoparasites are taxonomically widespread, and have severe negative impacts on host condition, reproductive performance and survival [3][4][5], both because of their direct effects (e.g. blood-sucking) and indirect effects (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of cigarette butts into nests reduces nest ectoparasite load in urban birds: new ingredients for an old recipe?

2013

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Birds are known to respond to nest-dwelling parasites by altering behaviours. Some bird species, for example, bring fresh plants to the nest, which contain volatile compounds that repel parasites. There is evidence that some birds living in cities incorporate cigarette butts into their nests, but the effect (if any) of this behaviour remains unclear. Butts from smoked cigarettes retain substantial amounts of nicotine and other compounds that may also act as arthropod repellents. We provide the first evidence that smoked cigarette butts may function as a parasite repellent in urban bird nests. The amount of cellulose acetate from butts in nests of two widely distributed urban birds was negatively associated with the number of nest-dwelling parasites. Moreover, when parasites were attracted to heat traps containing smoked or non-smoked cigarette butts, fewer parasites reached the former, presumably due to the presence of nicotine. Because urbanization changes the abundance and type of resources upon which birds depend, including nesting materials and plants involved in self-medication, our results are consistent with the view that urbanization imposes new challenges on birds that are dealt with using adaptations evolved elsewhere.

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Ectoparasites: Direct impact on host fitness

Cited by 279 publications

References 33 publications

Colorful displays signal male quality in a tropical anole lizard

Colorful displays signal male quality in a tropical anole lizard

Ácaros de penas e carrapatos (Acari) associados a Turdus albicollis Vieillot (Aves, Muscicapidae) em uma área de Mata Atlântica da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Incorporation of cigarette butts into nests reduces nest ectoparasite load in urban birds: new ingredients for an old recipe?

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