Ectomycorrhizas increase apoplastic water transport and root hydraulic conductivity in <i>Ulmus americana</i> seedlings

Muhsin, Tawfik M.; Zwiazek, Janusz J.

doi:10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00297.x

Cited by 81 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…2b1) despite their similar leaf Ψ (Fig. 2a1, 2a2), suggesting an improved hydraulic conductance in mycorrhizal plants (Mushin and Zwiazek, 2002). Moreover, Garmendia et al (2005) measured higher pressure potential (Ψ p ) in leaves of mycorrhizal pepper compared to that found in nonmycorrhizal plants, which may be due to different wall elasticity in the leaf cells from the two types of plants.…”

Section: Leavesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper: a review

Goicoechea¹,

Garmendia²,

Sánchez‐Díaz³

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a vascular pathogen that alters water status and growth of pepper plants and causes drastic reductions in yield. Its control is difficult because it can survive in field soil for several years. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against V. dahliae is an alternative to the use of chemicals which, in addition, is more respectful with the environment. The establishment of the mutualistic association of plant roots and AMF involves a continuous cellular and molecular dialogue between both symbionts that includes the preactivation of plant defense responses that may enhance the resistance or tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to soil-borne pathogens. Some AMF can improve the resistance of Capsicum annuum L. against V. dahliae. This is especially relevant for pepper cultivars (i.e. cv. Piquillo) that exhibit high susceptibility to this pathogen. Compared with non-mycorrhizal plants, mycorrhizal pepper can exhibit more balanced antioxidant metabolism in leaves along the first month after pathogen inoculation, which may contribute to delay both the development of disease symptoms and the decrease of photosynthesis in Verticillium-inoculated plants with the subsequent benefit for yield. In stems, mycorrhizal pepper show earlier and higher deposition of lignin in xylem vessels than nonmycorrhizal plants, even in absence of the pathogen. Moreover, AMF can induce new isoforms of acidic chitinases and superoxide dismutase in roots. Mycorrhizal-specif ic induction of these enzymatic activities together with enhanced peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in roots may also be involved in the bioprotection of Verticillium-induced wilt in pepper by AMF.Additional key words: biological control, Capsicum annuum, mycorrhizal symbiosis, Verticillium dahliae Kleb. ResumenRevisión. Los hongos micorrícico arbusculares (MA) como agentes bioprotectores del pimiento frente a la seca inducida por Verticillium spp.Verticillium dahliae Kleb. altera el estado hídrico y el crecimiento de las plantas de pimiento y reduce la producción del fruto. El empleo de hongos micorrícico arbusculares (MA) como bioprotectores contra V. dahliae es una alternativa al uso de productos químicos más respetuosa para el medio ambiente. La asociación entre las raí-ces de las plantas y los hongos MA conlleva un diálogo celular y molecular entre ambos simbiontes, que incluye la preactivación de respuestas de defensa en la planta, lo cual puede incrementar la resistencia o tolerancia de las plantas micorrizadas hacia los patógenos edáficos. Algunos hongos MA incrementan la resistencia del pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) contra V. dahliae. Esto es especialmente relevante cuando el cultivar (cv. Piquillo, por ejemplo) es muy susceptible hacia el patógeno. En comparación con las plantas no micorrizadas, las hojas de las plantas de pimiento micorrizadas muestran un metabolismo antioxidante más equilibrado a lo largo del primer mes tras la inoculación del patógeno, lo que puede retrasar el desc...

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Section: Leavesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper: a review

Goicoechea¹,

Garmendia²,

Sánchez‐Díaz³

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…In a few studies, ectomycorrhizas have been found to increase hydraulic conductance of tree roots (e.g. [29,34]); whereas other authors reported negative or neutral effects [31]. An only limited effect on water uptake would be understandable because mycorrhizae affect the outer part of the root rather than the stele and endodermis which, for geometric and other reasons, may represent the bottle neck.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of the periderm in relation to in situ water absorption rates of oak, beech and spruce fine roots

et al. 2003

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-The water absorption by terminal branch roots of mature oak, beech and spruce trees was measured in situ with miniature sap flow gauges for 11 consecutive days and related to the suberin and lignin content of the fine root periderm. All fine roots contained a well-developed periderm, whereas no primary white roots were present. Mean root water uptake decreased in the sequence beech -spruce -oak. Oak roots contained twice as much suberin and a thicker periderm than beech, and had smaller mean water uptake rates (201 vs. 508 g m -2 root surface d -1 ). However, spruce with 2 to 7 times smaller suberin contents had lower uptake rates (346 g m 2 d -1 ) than beech with more suberin. We conclude that the relationship between periderm chemistry and water absorption is only weak in the three species. Other factors such as hydraulic resistances in the soil-root interface, or the size of water potential gradients may be more influential in regulating root water uptake.lignin / miniature sap flow gauge / root hydraulic conductivity / root surface area / suberin Résumé -Relation entre la composition chimique du périderme et le taux d'absorption d'eau, in situ, des petites racines de chêne, hêtre et épicéa. On a mesuré, in situ, avec des sondes miniaturisées de flux de sève, pendant 11 jours consécutifs, l'absorption d'eau par les extrêmités des racines de sujets adultes de chêne, hêtre et épicéa. Celle-ci a été ensuite mise en relation avec le contenu en subérine du périderme des petites racines. Toutes ces petites racines présentaient un périderme bien développé, sans racines primaires blanches. Les différentes espèces se classent pour le prélèvement d'eau moyen dans l'ordre décroissant suivant : hêtre, épicéa, chêne. Les racines de chêne contenaient deux fois plus de subérine et comportaient un périderme plus épais que le hêtre. Leur prélèvement d'eau était en moyenne plus faible (201 contre 508 g m -2 de surface racinaire et par jour). Cependant, l'épicéa, avec un contenu de subérine 2 à 7 fois inférieur, présentait un taux de prélèvement plus faible (346 g m 2 et par jour) que le hêtre qui a pourtant plus de subérine. Nous en concluons que la relation entre la composition chimique du périderme et l'absorption d'eau n'est que faible pour les trois espèces. D'autres facteurs, tels que la résistance hydraulique à l'interface sol/racines, ou l'importance des gradients de potentiels hydriques, pourraient jouer un rôle plus important pour la régulation du prélèvement d'eau. lignine / sonde miniaturisée de flux de sève / conductivité hydraulique des racines / surface racinaire / subérine

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“…almeriense M plants subjected to drought stress presented a higher colonization percentage than in watered plants, confirming that this symbiosis is responsive to drought stress, which modifies not only the total colonization of roots but also the main type of mycorrhization. Fungal hyphae of ectomycorrhiza do not penetrate the cell wall of the root and, therefore, one way of increasing hydraulic conductance in roots is by decreasing the water flow resistance of the apoplastic pathway (Muhsin and Zwiazek 2002). However, apoplastic water flow in roots is restricted by the presence of suberized barriers such as the exo-or endodermis and water is then forced to follow the cell-to-cell pathway (symplastic and transmembrane) (Steudle and Peterson 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Analysis of Aquaporins from Desert Truffle Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Reveals a Fine-Tuned Regulation Under Drought

Navarro‐Ródenas¹,

Bárzana²,

Nicolás³

et al. 2013

MPMI

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We have performed the isolation, functional characterization, and expression analysis of aquaporins in roots and leaves of Helianthemum almeriense, in order to evaluate their roles in tolerance to water deficit. Five cDNAs, named HaPIP1;1, HaPIP1;2, HaPIP2;1, HaPIP2;2, and HaTIP1;1, were isolated from H. almeriense. A phylogenetic analysis of deduced proteins confirmed that they belong to the water channel proteins family. The HaPIP1;1, HaPIP2;1, and HaTIP1;1 genes encode functional water channel proteins, as indicated by expression assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showing divergent roles in the transport of water, CO 2 , and NH 3 . The expression patterns of the genes isolated from H. almeriense and of a previously described gene from Terfezia claveryi (TcAQP1) were analyzed in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants cultivated under wellwatered or drought-stress conditions. Some of the studied aquaporins were subjected to fine-tuned expression only under drought-stress conditions. A beneficial effect on plant physiological parameters was observed in mycorrhizal plants with respect to nonmycorrhizal ones. Moreover, stress induced a change in the mycorrhizal type formed, which was more intracellular under drought stress. The combination of a high intracellular colonization, together with the fine-tuned expression of aquaporins could result in a morphophysiological adaptation of this symbiosis to drought conditions.

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Ectomycorrhizas increase apoplastic water transport and root hydraulic conductivity in Ulmus americana seedlings

Cited by 81 publications

References 35 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper: a review

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper: a review

Chemical composition of the periderm in relation to in situ water absorption rates of oak, beech and spruce fine roots

Expression Analysis of Aquaporins from Desert Truffle Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Reveals a Fine-Tuned Regulation Under Drought

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