Ectomycorrhizal Fungi as Biofertilizers in Forestry

Abstract

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play a fundamental role in the nutrient cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in forest systems. In this chapter, the value of ECM fungi is reviewed from a global framework, not only to increase the production of edible fruit bodies and biomass of plants but also for the regular practices of reforestation and restoration of ecosystems, with implicit applications in biofertilization, bioremediation, and control of soil pathogens. Ecological functions of the ECM fungi are briefly reviewed. The direct implications of the ECM fungi in forestry are described. To do so, its role as a biotechnological tool in forest nursery production is briefly analyzed, as well as the role of mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB). Subsequently, the direct role as biofertilizers of the ECM fungi in forest management is discussed: reforestation, plantation management, and ecosystem restoration. The importance of ECM fungi to increase the tolerance of plants against biotic or abiotic stresses is analyzed.

Optimized isolation of 7,7′-biphyscion starting from Cortinarius rubrophyllus, a chemically unexplored fungal species rich in photosensitizers

“…Without ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, such as the widespread and species-rich genus Cortinarius [1], terrestrial ecosystems as we know them would not be able to exist. ECM fungi, which form complex structures within the roots of their symbiotic partner plants (= Hartig net) as well as an external multi-layered hyphal structure (= mantle/ sheath) [2], are the backbone of carbon and nutrient cycles in forests, as they are directly involved in the mobilization, absorption, and translocation of soil nutrients and water [3]. Some species, e.g., Tuber borchii and Lactarius bicolor, are even able to control root morphology via the formation of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-acetic acid and ethylene [4,5].…”

Proteomics as a tool to decipher plant responses in arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions: a meta‐analysis

“…Plants benefit from the symbiotic association also upon drought stress: AM fungi have been shown to modulate water loss in different crops [13, 14]. Similarly, ECM colonization of the root increases the plant water and nutrient supply [15], providing protection against soil pathogens [16].…”