Ectoines in cell stress protection: Uses and biotechnological production

Pastor, José M.; Salvador, Manuel; Argandoña, Montserrat; Bernal, Vicente; Reina-Bueno, Mercedes; Csonka, László N.; Iborra, José L.; Vargas, Carmen Regla; Nieto, Joaquı́n J.; Cánovas, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.06.005

Cited by 301 publications

(329 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Previously, it was suggested that the ability to synthesize ectoine is specific for halophilic bacteria and the results of our analysis suggest that it is essential for moderate halophile survival (27,53). In our analysis of the distribution of EctA and BetA among the family Vibrionaceae, we found that of 33 species examined, 20 species contained both systems with nearly 70% containing the ectoine system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Biosynthesis of the Osmoprotectant Ectoine, but Not Glycine Betaine, Is Critical for Survival of Osmotically Stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cells

Ongagna-Yhombi

Boyd

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophile present in marine and estuarine environments, ecosystems characterized by fluctuations in salinity and temperature. One strategy to thrive in such environments is the synthesis and/or uptake of compatible solutes. The V. parahaemolyticus genome contains biosynthesis systems for both ectoine and glycine betaine, which are known to act as compatible solutes in other species. We showed that V. parahaemolyticus had a 6% NaCl tolerance when grown in M9 minimal medium with 0.4% glucose (M9G) with a >5-h lag phase. By using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR) analysis, we determined that cells synthesized ectoine and glutamate in a NaCl-dependent manner. The most effective compatible solutes as measured by a reduction in lag-phase growth in M9G with 6% NaCl (M9G 6% NaCl) were in the order glycine betaine > choline > proline ‫؍‬ glutamate > ectoine. However, V. parahaemolyticus could use glutamate or proline as the sole carbon source, but not ectoine or glycine betaine, which suggests that these are bona fide compatible solutes. Expression analysis showed that the ectA and betA genes were more highly expressed in log-phase cells, and expression of both genes was induced by NaCl up-shock. Under all conditions examined, the ectA gene was more highly expressed than the betA gene. Analysis of inframe deletions in betA and ectB and in a double mutant showed that the ectB mutant was defective for growth, and this defect was rescued by the addition of glycine betaine, proline, ectoine, and glutamate, indicating that these compounds are compatible solutes for this species. The presence of both synthesis systems was the predominant distribution pattern among members of the Vibrionaceae family, suggesting this is the ancestral state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Biosynthesis of the Osmoprotectant Ectoine, but Not Glycine Betaine, Is Critical for Survival of Osmotically Stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cells

Ongagna-Yhombi

Boyd

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A second mutation was identified in a cluster predicted to produce ectoine (Figure 3b), a pyrimidine carboxylic acid derivative that functions as a compatible solute and protein chaperone in many bacteria (Pastor et al, 2010). Inactivation of genes in the thiopeptide and ectoine loci ( Supplementary Figures S4d and e) confirmed that the loss of antifungal activity (Figures 3a and b) was due to the loss of products from these clusters.…”

Section: Disease Suppressiveness and Rhizosphere Colonization By Strementioning

confidence: 77%

Microbial and biochemical basis of a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil

et al. 2015

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Crops lack genetic resistance to most necrotrophic pathogens. To compensate for this disadvantage, plants recruit antagonistic members of the soil microbiome to defend their roots against pathogens and other pests. The best examples of this microbially based defense of roots are observed in disease-suppressive soils in which suppressiveness is induced by continuously growing crops that are susceptible to a pathogen, but the molecular basis of most is poorly understood. Here we report the microbial characterization of a Korean soil with specific suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt of strawberry. In this soil, an attack on strawberry roots by Fusarium oxysporum results in a response by microbial defenders, of which members of the Actinobacteria appear to have a key role. We also identify Streptomyces genes responsible for the ribosomal synthesis of a novel heat-stable antifungal thiopeptide antibiotic inhibitory to F. oxysporum and the antibiotic’s mode of action against fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Both classical- and community-oriented approaches were required to dissect this suppressive soil from the field to the molecular level, and the results highlight the role of natural antibiotics as weapons in the microbial warfare in the rhizosphere that is integral to plant health, vigor and development.

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“…Moreover, the potential to convert ectoine further to hydroxyectoine, which is produced in some organisms as a response to heat stress (Pastor et al, 2010), might provide thermo-protective properties for AOA residing in the Atlantis II Deep (32-68 1C; Table 1). The presence of numerous transport systems in the Nitrosopumilus core genome that potentially take up glutamate (via a putative sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate symporter; Nmar_1093; Figure 3b) or glycerol (using major intrinsic channel proteins; Nmar_0489/0561) also implies the possibility of using exogenously supplied osmolytes.…”

Section: Niche Adaptations Of a Halotolerant Thaumarchaeon D Kamanda mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics reveals adaptations of a halotolerant thaumarchaeon in the interfaces of brine pools in the Red Sea

et al. 2014

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The bottom of the Red Sea harbors over 25 deep hypersaline anoxic basins that are geochemically distinct and characterized by vertical gradients of extreme physicochemical conditions. Because of strong changes in density, particulate and microbial debris get entrapped in the brine-seawater interface (BSI), resulting in increased dissolved organic carbon, reduced dissolved oxygen toward the brines and enhanced microbial activities in the BSI. These features coupled with the deep-sea prevalence of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the global ocean make the BSI a suitable environment for studying the osmotic adaptations and ecology of these important players in the marine nitrogen cycle. Using phylogenomic-based approaches, we show that the local archaeal community of five different BSI habitats (with up to 18.2% salinity) is composed mostly of a single, highly abundant Nitrosopumilus-like phylotype that is phylogenetically distinct from the bathypelagic thaumarchaea; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were absent. The composite genome of this novel Nitrosopumilus-like subpopulation (RSA3) co-assembled from multiple single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) from one such BSI habitat further revealed that it shares B54% of its predicted genomic inventory with sequenced Nitrosopumilus species. RSA3 also carries several, albeit variable gene sets that further illuminate the phylogenetic diversity and metabolic plasticity of this genus. Specifically, it encodes for a putative proline-glutamate 'switch' with a potential role in osmotolerance and indirect impact on carbon and energy flows. Metagenomic fragment recruitment analyses against the composite RSA3 genome, Nitrosopumilus maritimus, and SAGs of mesopelagic thaumarchaea also reiterate the divergence of the BSI genotypes from other AOA.

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Ectoines in cell stress protection: Uses and biotechnological production

Cited by 301 publications

References 183 publications

Biosynthesis of the Osmoprotectant Ectoine, but Not Glycine Betaine, Is Critical for Survival of Osmotically Stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cells

Biosynthesis of the Osmoprotectant Ectoine, but Not Glycine Betaine, Is Critical for Survival of Osmotically Stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cells

Microbial and biochemical basis of a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil

Comparative genomics reveals adaptations of a halotolerant thaumarchaeon in the interfaces of brine pools in the Red Sea

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