EcR/USP-1-mediated ecdysteroid signaling regulates wolf spider (&lt;i&gt;Pardosa pseudoannulata&lt;/i&gt;) development and reproduction

Yang, Zhiming; Yan, Yangyang; Wu, Yong; Yu, Na; Liu, Zewen

doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.282

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For Myriapoda too the picture remains far from complete, where EcR-RXR have been detected in a few centipede and millipede genomes (Chipman et al, 2014;Qu et al, 2015Qu et al, , 2020, but without follow-up experimental validations. Furthermore, our understanding of EcR and RXR in Chelicerata remains limited: while we have genomic evidence for the presence of both the heterodimer components for Acari (T. urticae, Dermatophagoides farinae, I. scapularis, P. citri, Neoseiulus cucumeris), Araneae (Stegodyphus mimosarum), Scorpiones (Mesobuthus martensii), Xiphosura (Limulus polyphemus, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus tridentatus) (Qu et al, 2015;Schumann et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019b), recent studies that experimentally characterised them are limited to few spider, mite, and tick species (Honda et al, 2017;Li et al, 2017;Nicewicz et al, 2021;Lu et al, 2021;Li et al, 2022a;Yang et al, 2023). Further analysis of EcR and RXR in these groups is required to assess if in chelicerates the predominant bioactive hormone is 20E or ponA (Figure 2).…”

Section: Factors Involved In Hormonal Stimulation Responsesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The moulting arthropod: a complete genetic toolkit review

Campli,

Volovych,

Kim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Exoskeletons are a defining character of all arthropods that provide physical support for their segmented bodies and appendages as well as protection from the environment and predation. This ubiquitous yet evolutionarily variable feature has been instrumental in facilitating the adoption of a variety of lifestyles and the exploitation of ecological niches across all environments. Throughout the radiation of Arthropoda that produced the more than one million described modern species, the adaptability afforded by segmentation and exoskeletons has led to a diversity that is unrivalled amongst animals. However, because exoskeletons cannot grow, they must be periodically shed and replaced with new larger ones to accommodate the growing individuals encased within. Arthropods must therefore undergo periodic moulting events, which follow a series of steps from the preparatory pre-moult phase to ecdysis itself and the post-moult maturation of the new exoskeleton. Each event represents a particularly vulnerable period in an arthropod’s life cycle, so the process must be tightly regulated and meticulously executed to ensure successful transitions for normal growth and development. Decades of research in representative arthropods provide a foundation of understanding of the mechanisms involved. Building on this, studies continue to develop and test hypotheses on the presence and function of molecular components, including neuropeptides, hormones, and receptors, as well as the so-called early, late, and fate genes, across arthropod diversity. Here, we review the literature to develop a comprehensive overview of the current status of accumulated knowledge of the genetic toolkit governing arthropod moulting. From the biosynthesis and regulation of ecdysteroid and sesquiterpenoid hormones, to the factors involved in hormonal stimulation responses and exoskeleton remodelling, we identify commonalities and differences, as well as highlighting major knowledge gaps, across arthropod groups. We examine the available evidence supporting current models of how components operate together to prepare for, execute, and recover from ecdysis, comparing reports from Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda. Evidence is generally highly taxonomically imbalanced, with most reports based on insect study systems. Biases are also evident in the research on different moulting phases and processes, with the early triggers and the late effectors generally being the least well explored. Our synthesis contrasts knowledge based on reported observations with reasonably plausible assumptions given current taxonomic sampling, and exposes weak assumptions or major gaps that need addressing. Encouragingly, advances in genomics are driving a diversification of tractable study systems by facilitating the cataloguing of putative genetic toolkits in previously under-explored taxa. Analysis of genome and transcriptome data supported by experimental investigations have validated the presence of an “ultra-conserved” core of arthropod moulting genes. The molecular machinery has likely evolved with elaborations on this conserved pathway backbone, but more taxonomic exploration is needed to characterise lineage-specific changes and novelties. Furthermore, linking these to transformative innovations in moulting processes across Arthropoda remains hampered by knowledge gaps and hypotheses based on untested assumptions. Promisingly however, emerging from the synthesis is a framework that highlights research avenues from the underlying genetics to the dynamic molecular biology through to the complex physiology of moulting.

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