Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches

Levin, Simon A.; Harwell, Mark A.; Kelly, John R.; Kimball, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3520-0_1

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(4 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Key species or guilds that are representative of different functional groups are known in most systems and appropriate surrogates can therefore be selected. Despite recognized limitations 31 , the application of the surrogate concept is widely applied in related fields including regulatory toxicity testing 28,29,32,33 and environmental monitoring [34][35][36] . In addition, the risk assessment may consider species with special aesthetic or cultural value or species classified as threatened or endangered.…”

Section: Species Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Species Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Many indicators (Table 5) of the health of biological systems have been tested in recent years (National Academy of Sciences 1986, Schindler 1987, Taub 1987, Ford 1989, Gray 1989, Levin et al 1989, Pontasch et al 1989, Karr 1990). Each has sensitivity at different levels of degradation and to different kinds of anthropogenic stress.…”

Section: The Future Of Biological Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Region-based quantitative definitions of ecological health.-The idea of chemical-specific toxicological criteria and water-quality standards involves defining contaminant levels above which negative effects on water resources can be expected (Levin et al 1989). But, standardized values for chemical criteria fail to recognize natural geographic variation in water chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Integrity: A Long‐Neglected Aspect of Water Resource Management

Karr¹

1991

Ecological Applications

1,282

742

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Water of sufficient quality and quantity is critical to all life. Increasing human population and growth of technology require human society to devote more and more attention to protection of adequate supplies of water. Although perception of biological degradation stimulated current state and federal legislation on the quality of water resources that biological focus was lost in the search for easily measured physical and chemical surrogates. The "fishable and swimmable" goal ofthe Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (PL 92-500) and its charge to "restore and maintain" biotic integrity illustrate that law's biological underpinning. Further, the need for operational definitions of terms like "biological integrity" and "unreasonable degradation" and for ecologically sound tools to measure divergence from societal goals have increased interest in biological monitoring. Assessment of water resource quality by sampling biological communities in the field (ambient biological monitoring) is a promising approach that requires expanded use of ecological expe~ise. One such approach, the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), provides a broadly based, multi parameter tool for the assessment of biotic integrity in running waters. IBI based on fish community attributes has now been applied widely in North America. The success of IBI has stimulated the development of similar approaches using other aquatic taxa. Expanded use of ecological expertise in ambient biological monitoring is essential to the protection of water resources. Ecologists have the expertise to contribute significantly to those programs.

show abstract

“…In the 1980s, several edited volumes that were not textbooks made important contributions to reinforcing the scientific basis of the field, such as those by Sheehan et al (10), Cairns (11,12), and Levin et al (13). These books increasingly integrated ecological issues into ecotoxicology.…”

Section: Historically Speakingmentioning

confidence: 99%