Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals

Fent, Karl; Weston, Anna; Caminada, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.009

Cited by 2,708 publications

(1,574 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Despite these elevated values, the reported concentrations were 100 to 1000-fold lower than those reported to cause toxicity in acute ecotoxicological tests (Fent et al 2006). However, the margin of safety for some of the most abundant compounds producing chronic effects is narrower, as previous studies have reported that some pharmaceuticals such as the anti-inflammatory diclofenac show chronic lowest-observed-effects concentrations for aquatic biota (fish, invertebrates) toxicity, well in the range of those observed at the river segments right downstream the WWTP effluents (Fent et al 2006).…”

Section: Pharmaceuticals In Wwtp Effluents and Receiving River Watersmentioning

confidence: 80%

Occurrence and in-stream attenuation of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in Iberian rivers

Acuña

Schiller

García-Galán

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

108

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Amultitude of pharmaceuticals enter surface waters via discharges of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and many raise environmental and health concerns. Chemical fate models predict their concentrations using estimates of mass loading, dilution and in-stream attenuation. However, current comprehension of the attenuation rates remains a limiting factor for predictive models.We assessed in-stream attenuation of 75 pharmaceuticals in 4 river segments, aiming to characterize in-stream attenuation variability among different pharmaceutical compounds, as well as among river segments differing in environmental conditions. Our study revealed that in-streamattenuation was highly variable among pharmaceuticals and river segments and that none of the considered pharmaceutical physicochemical and molecular properties proved to be relevant in determining the mean attenuation rates. Instead, the octanol–water partition coefficient (Kow) influenced the variability of rates among river segments, likely due to its effect on sorption to sediments and suspended particles, and therefore influencing the balance between the different attenuation mechanisms (biotransformation, photolysis, sorption, and volatilization). The magnitude of themeasured attenuation rates urges scientists to consider themas important as dilutionwhen aiming to predict concentrations in freshwater ecosystemsThis research was supported by aMarie Curie European Reintegration Grant (PERG07-GA-2010-259219) and by a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (PCIG9-GA-2011-293535) within the 7th European Community Framework Programme, aswell as by the SpanishMinistry of Economy and Competitiveness through the projects SCARCE (Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065) and ENDERUS (CTM-2009-13018), and the postdoctoral grants “Juan de la Cierva” (jci-2009-05604 and jci-2010- 06397), and by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). This work was partly supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group: Water and Soil Quality Unit 2009-SGR-965

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Section: Pharmaceuticals In Wwtp Effluents and Receiving River Watersmentioning

confidence: 80%

Occurrence and in-stream attenuation of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in Iberian rivers

Acuña

Schiller

García-Galán

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

108

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“…Their molecular structures are shown in the Supporting Information ( Figure S1). Aluminum isopropoxide [Al(O i Pr) 3 ], glucose, and CA were purchased from Beijing Chemical Reagents (Beijing, China). Manganese acetate tetrahydrate was acquired from YiLi (Beijing, China) and commercial mesoporous alumina from Wenzhou Jingjing Alumina (Wenzhou, China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MA was prepared from precursors of Al(O i Pr) 3 in the presence of glucose in an aqueous system, as described previously (25) 3 of distilled water, and 2 g of MA was added to this solution. After impregnation for 2 h, the sample was dried at 383 K for 2 h and finally calcined in a muffle furnace (exposed to static air) at 723 K for 3 h at a heating rate of 0.083 K/s (5 K/min), and then cooled to room temperature naturally.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Ozonation of Selected Pharmaceuticals over Mesoporous Alumina-Supported Manganese Oxide

Yang

Nie

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

205

101

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Catalytic ozonation of five pharmaceutical compounds (PhACs)sphenazone, ibuprofen, diphenhydramine, phenytoin, and diclofenac sodium in alumina-supported manganese oxide (MnO x ) suspension was carried out with a semicontinuous laboratory reactor. MnO x supported by mesoporous alumina (MnO x /MA) was highly effective in mineralizing the PhACs in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and in situ attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine the interaction of ozone with different catalysts under various conditions. The crucial active sites, surface oxide species at 1380 cm -1 , were formed by the interaction of ozone with Lewis acid sites on the alumina surface. New surface hydroxyl groups at 2915 and 2845 cm -1 were produced by the interaction of the catalyst and ozone in aqueous suspension and became active sites in the presence of MnO x . The introduction of MnO x enhanced the formation and activation of surface hydroxyl groups, causing higher catalytic reactivity. On the basis of these findings, a reaction mechanism is proposed for the catalytic ozonation of PhACs in MnO x / MA suspension.

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“…Furthermore, since CBZ is a persistent drug when released into the environment, requiring between 4.5 and 25 sunny summer days for its elimination (Calisto et al, 2011b), the evaluation of a long-term exposure is necessary to fully understand the impact of persistent drugs on aquatic organisms. Studies focusing on acute toxicity found that, in general, the CBZ concentrations causing effects occur in the mg/L range (Malarvizhi et al, 2012), which are not representative of those concentrations occurring in the aquatic ecosystem, thus, leading to conclude that the risk of acute toxic effects in the environment is unlikely (Fent et al, 2006). However, considering that pharmaceutical drugs are continuously discharged into aquatic media, the assessment of chronic toxicity is of upmost importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic toxicity of the antiepileptic carbamazepine on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Almeida

Freitas

Calisto

et al. 2015

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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The impacts of carbamazepine (CBZ) on aquatic organisms are yet not well investigated. The present study aimed to better understand the chronic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ. The experiment was performed by exposing the filter feeding clam Ruditapes philippinarum to 0.00, 0.03, 0.30, 3.00 and 9.00 μg/L, during 28 days. To assess the chronic toxicity of the drug a battery of biomarkers related with health status and oxidative stress was applied. In order to quantify CBZ in the clam's tissues and in water samples ELISA was used. The present study showed three types of responses on the clams after a chronic exposure to CBZ. For control condition and the lower concentrations (0.03 and 0.30 μg/L) a "similar" metabolic state was observed and the most efficient antioxidant status leading to the elimination of reactive oxygen species formed during the metabolism of CBZ. The concentration of 3.00 μg/L seemed to be a "threshold" concentration, beyond which the concentration levels of CBZ began to exert a toxic effect, compromising the activity of biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes, with notorious effects at the highest CBZ concentration (9.00 μg/L). CBZ also seemed to alter the energy-related responses, especially the glycogen and electron system responses, revealing a slowdown in metabolism at the higher exposure concentrations (3.00 and 9.00 μg/L). Overall, the present study demonstrated that the higher CBZ concentrations can lead to the impairment of antioxidant enzymes compromising the neutralization of reactive oxygen species, and thus the ability to cope with oxidative stress.

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Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals

Cited by 2,708 publications

References 203 publications

Occurrence and in-stream attenuation of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in Iberian rivers

Occurrence and in-stream attenuation of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in Iberian rivers

Catalytic Ozonation of Selected Pharmaceuticals over Mesoporous Alumina-Supported Manganese Oxide

Chronic toxicity of the antiepileptic carbamazepine on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

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