Ecotoxicology of Glycerol Monolaurate nanocapsules

Lopes, Leonardo Quintana Soares; Santos, Cayane Genro; Vaucher, Rodrigo de Almeida; Raffin, Renata Platcheck; Silva, Aleksandro S. Da; Baretta, Dilmar; Maccari, Ana Paula; Giombelli, L. C. D. D; Volpato, Andréia; Arruda, Jessyka; Scheeren, Cecília de Ávila; Baldisserotto, Bernardo; Santos, Roberto C.V.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.019

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The main chemical used to control A. diaperinus is cypermethrin, a chemical product that can damage the soil fauna due to its intensive utilization [18]. In this study, the use of GML did not cause negative effects in the soil fauna, in disagreement with researchers [9] that studied GML at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg mL -1 and found negative effects on the soil fauna using adults and juvenile forms of springtails (Folsomia candida) as biomarkers, showing a LD50 of 41 µg/mL. Based on these evidences, we can suggest that the toxicity of GML to soil fauna is related to the biomarker used to determine the toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Several methods are used to control mealworms, being the use of chemical insecticides based on pyrethroids or organophosphates the main method employed. However, these drugs have limited efficiency and present a risk for meat contamination [9,18]. Study revealed that cypermethrin used in the control of mealworm exerts negative effects on the survival and reproduction of springtails [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use glycerol monolaurate (GML) in order to control mealworms it's a hypothesis, since this product showed insecticidal effect against bees [10]. The GML is a natural compound found in milk, coconut and palm oils, and other oils derived from lauric acid [9,10]. This product acts as a preservative inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens and avoiding food contamination [1,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Insecticidal Action of Glycerol Monolaurate against the Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and its Ecotoxicological Effect on Enchytraeus crypticus

Tomasi

Zortéa

Reis

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Alphitobius diaperinus, known as the lesser mealworm, is recognized as a problem for the poultry production sector. Several chemical methods have been employed in an attempt to control it, without successful results. Thus, alternative methods should be considered as an interesting approach to control this type of infestation. A recent study showed that glycerol monolaurate (GML) possesses insecticidal effect against bees. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effect of GLM against the larval and adult forms of the lesser mealworm in vitro, and to verify whether GLM treated poultry litter used as soil fertilizer exerts any negative effect on its fauna.Materials, Methods & Results: In vitro tests were performed using three concentrations of GLM: 0.2, 0.4 and 1 mg mL-1, and the number of dead larvae and adults of A. diaperinus was counted on days 0, 2, 5 and 8 post-treatment. Poultry litter was pulverized with 1 mg mL-1 of GML, maintained under controlled conditions for 20 days and revolved every two days. Two ecotoxicological tests were performed using Enchytraeus crypticus. In the first test, GML was applied directly into the soil at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg kg-1 of soil, while the second test used poultry litter as soil fertilizer at concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 8 tons per hectare. Insecticidal action of GML against larvae and adults of A. diaperinus where only the 1 mg mL-1 concentration showed positive effect. GML caused 100% mortality of larvae two days after the beginning of treatment. Similarly, GML showed high efficacy to control adult forms of A. diaperinus, causing 83 and 90% of mortality on days 5 and 8 post-treatment, respectively. No difference was observed while applying GML directly at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg kg-1 in the TAS when compared to the control group, similarly to what was observed using poultry litter containing 1 mg/m2 of GML at concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 8 tons per hectare compared to the control group.Discussion: GML treatment exerted larvicidal and insecticidal action in vitro against A. diaperinus, similarly to what was observed by researchers against bees, where this product was able to eliminate 55% of the bees after 120 h of treatment. GML insecticidal mechanism of action is poorly investigated and remains unknown. However, there are evidences regarding its antimicrobial property using Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, as well as its capacity to inhibit some virulence factors linked to antimicrobial resistance. Some tests have been performed in order to reduce the use of chemical products, as Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), Ocotea odorifera (popularly known as sassafras) and Eucalyptus viminalis (popularly known as eucalypt) essential oils exerts insecticidal action against the larvae and adults of mealworms. The main chemical used to control A. diaperinus is cypermethrin, a chemical product that can damage the soil fauna due to its intensive utilization. The use of GML did not cause negative effects in the soil fauna, in disagreement other study with GML at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg mL-1 and found negative effects on the soil fauna using adults and juvenile forms of springtails (Folsomia candida) as biomarkers, showing a LD50 of 41 µg mL-1. Based on these evidences, we can suggest that the toxicity of GML to soil fauna is related to the biomarker used to determine the toxicity. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that GML possesses insecticidal action without toxic effects for the soil fauna, demonstrating potential as an alternative method to control the lesser mealworm.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insecticidal Action of Glycerol Monolaurate against the Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and its Ecotoxicological Effect on Enchytraeus crypticus

Tomasi

Zortéa

Reis

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, studies have highlighted the efficiency of alternative treatments for pest and parasite control in animal production that have no effects on non-target organisms [14,27]. Based on these results, we carried out the present study to examine whether C. zeylanicum oil can reduce infestations by A. diaperinus under experimental conditions: that is, whether we could reduce lesser mealworm infestation in broilers chicks and poultry litter without causing toxicity to the animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil Reduces Infestation by Alphitobius diaperinus in Poultry Litter

Testa¹,

Segat²,

Baggio³

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Even though insecticides are managed and the period of sanitary emptiness in poultry is respected, the elimination of Alphitobius diaperinus may not be successful. The use of essential oils of plant origin presents as a good alternative in the substitution of insecticides with synthetic molecules, since they are easy to obtain, with rapid degradation and without risk of residues for non-target organisms. The main objective of the present study was to examine whether Cinnamomum zeylanicum oil reduces Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) infestations under experimental conditions, without causing toxicity to broilers chicks exposed to treated litter.Materials, Methods & Results: The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications per treatment. The treatments were as follows: solvent control using the diluent Dimethyl Sulfoxide 5% (oil diluent); chemical control using 5 g/m² cypermethrin; one spray of C. zeylanicum 5% oil; and two sprays of C. zeylanicum 5% oil. Each experimental unit was infested with 150 lesser mealworm adults. At 15 days of the broiler chick’s life, blood was collected for biochemical analysis (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides and uric acid), and liver fragments were isolated for histopathological analysis. Using TupeTrap devices, we counted lesser mealworm 40 days after treatment. The treatments did not alter biochemical variables, and did not cause histopathological lesions in liver. The treatments with C. zeylanicum 5% oil with one and two sprays efficiently reduced lesser mealworm infestation compared with solvent control. Cypermethrin treatment had no effect.Discussion: Many of the commercial products present low effectiveness in the control of A. diaperinus, since the target organisms develop resistance to the product. In the present study, we used a higher cypermethrin dose than that recommended by the manufacturer, in order to increase efficacy in the face of possible resistance. Even so, cypermethrin did not efficiently control the organism. The effectiveness of the essential oil of C. zeylanicum tested can be attributed to the compounds found in greater quantity in the oil composition, such as cinnamaldehyde (41.27%), linalool (13.05%) and methyl eugenol (10.87%), characterized as responsible for the action of oil repellency. Monoterpenoid compounds found in essential oils extracted from plants have insecticidal action acting on the central nervous system of insects, which impairs their development, being characterized as neurotoxic compounds. The results found with the essential oil of C. zeylanicum are of great importance, since the control of A. diaperinus is not efficient because this organism has behavior that favors reinfestation in the poultry houses, such as shelter in cracks, in the draperies, below the feeders and in the soil. The biochemical analyzes of the blood can as important tools to assist in the monitoring of broilers health, in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and therefore the results presented are of great importance since they assist in the search for alternative methods for the control of A. diaperinus, where we can affirm that the essential oil of C. zeylanicum does not cause toxicity to broilers. Based on these results we can affirm that essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, 5%, is an effective substitute for existing commercially-available insecticides.Keywords: alternative control, cinnamon oil, insecticide, lesser mealworm.

show abstract

“…Hence, springtails represent an important group of invertebrates that inhabit the soil in different terrestrial ecosystems, are involved in organic matter decomposition and act as a stimulus to microbiological activity and nutrient cycling (Faber, 1991); they are also used in studies with NPs (Kool et al, 2011;Waalewijn-Kool et al, 2013;Lopes et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ZnO Nanoparticles and a Non-Nano ZnO on Survival and Reproduction of Earthworm and Springtail in Tropical Natural Soil

Alves

Filho

Nogueira

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, various studies and development using nanoparticles (NPs) have been carried out in the most diverse areas of knowledge. Although nanomaterials are widely employed by many sectors and some may have a fertilizing potential, little is known about their effects on the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying, in tropical natural soil, different contents of nanoparticles of zinc oxide (NPs-ZnO) and non-nano zinc oxide (ZnO) on soil pH and on the survival and reproduction rates of earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and springtails (Folsomia candida) through standardized ecotoxicological tests. The tests used a tropical soil representative of Brazil, classified as Entisol (Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico típico) with no history of agricultural use, collected in the 0.00-0.20 m layer, previously sieved (2-mm mesh) and defaunated. The experimental design was completely randomized, and treatments consisted of two forms of zinc (Zn), NPs-ZnO and ZnO, at the following doses: 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 2,000, and 4,000 mg kg-1. Standardized ecotoxicological tests showed no toxicity of NPs-ZnO in terms of lethality of E. andrei and F. candida. In E. andrei reproduction tests, NPs-ZnO were toxic at doses higher than 400 mg kg-1 (EC 50 of 1,021 mg kg-1). Tests with F. candida demonstrated that its reproduction rate was significantly affected by NPs-ZnO at a rate of 4,000 mg kg-1 (EC 50 of 3,636 mg kg-1). When used in Entisol, the NPs-ZnO inhibit the reproduction of earthworms and springtails; earthworms are more sensitive to such an effect, it being demonstrate at lower contents than those found for springtails.

show abstract

Ecotoxicology of Glycerol Monolaurate nanocapsules

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Insecticidal Action of Glycerol Monolaurate against the Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and its Ecotoxicological Effect on Enchytraeus crypticus

Insecticidal Action of Glycerol Monolaurate against the Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and its Ecotoxicological Effect on Enchytraeus crypticus

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil Reduces Infestation by Alphitobius diaperinus in Poultry Litter

Influence of ZnO Nanoparticles and a Non-Nano ZnO on Survival and Reproduction of Earthworm and Springtail in Tropical Natural Soil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About