Ecotoxicology of Deep Ocean Spills

Barron, Mace G.; Chiasson, Susan C.; Bejarano, Adriana C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11605-7_27

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Assessing and understanding the ecological impacts of subsea oil releases and Arctic oil spills are becoming increasingly important with expanding hydrocarbon extraction and transport. These environments have largely unknown species sensitivity, and the physical factors in the deep ocean and polar environments will uniquely affect hydrocarbon behavior, fate, and toxicity. , The emerging application of whole ecosystem modeling to catastrophic oils spills offers an opportunity to understand and predict complex ecological interactions and system perturbations not quantifiable from traditional assessment methods …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Ecological Impacts from Oil Spills: Comparison of Exxon Valdez, Hebei Spirit, and Deepwater Horizon

Barron

Vivian

Heintz

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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151

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The long-term ecological impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) are compared to two extensively studied and more recent large spills: Deepwater Horizon (DWH) and the Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS). Each of the three spills differed in magnitude and duration of oil released, environmental conditions, ecological communities, response and clean up measures, and ecological recovery. The EVOS began on March 24, 1989, and released 40.8 million liters of Alaska North Slope crude oil into the cold, nearly pristine environment of Prince William Sound, Alaska. EVOS oiled wildlife and rocky intertidal shorelines and exposed early life stages of fish to embryotoxic levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Long-term impacts following EVOS were observed on seabirds, sea otters, killer whales, and subtidal communities. The DWH spill began on April 20, 2010, and released 507 million liters of light Louisiana crude oil from 1600 m on the ocean floor into the Gulf of Mexico over an 87-day period. The DWH spill exposed a diversity of complex aquatic communities in the deep ocean, offshore pelagic areas, and coastal environments to petroleum hydrocarbons. Large-scale persistent ecological effects included impacts to deep ocean corals, failed recruitment of oysters over multiple years, damage to coastal wetlands, and reduced dolphin, sea turtle, and seabird populations. The HSOS began on December 7, 2007, and released approximately 13 million liters of Middle East crude oils into ecologically sensitive areas of the Taean area of western Korea. Environmental conditions and the extensive initial cleanup of HSOS oil stranded on shorelines limited the long-term impacts to changes in composition and abundance of intertidal benthic communities. Comparisons of EVOS, DWH, and HSOS show the importance and complexity of the interactions among the environment, oil spill dynamics, affected ecological systems, and response actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Ecological Impacts from Oil Spills: Comparison of Exxon Valdez, Hebei Spirit, and Deepwater Horizon

Barron

Vivian

Heintz

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

151

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“…Traditional assessments of environmental impacts of oil spills have often been based on evaluating concentrations of pollutants required to kill 50% of subject (and standardized) test animals in short-term laboratory-based studies to estimate lethal concentrations or other effective concentrations (i.e., LC 50 /EC 50 ; Bejarano and Barron, 2014;Grosell et al, 2020;NASEM, 2020). These levels typically are then extrapolated to concentrations of pollutants in the environment to project population-level impacts of a particular spill (Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees, 2016; Barron et al, 2020). During and subsequent to the DWH oil spill, considerable research was conducted to assess traditional biomarkers of biological endpoints (e.g., Mitchelmore et al, 2020) and to develop and apply suites of sublethal indicators of aquatic biota health in order to understand the induction of health effects involving immune responses, ABSTRACT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Petroleum, Petroleum Components, and Dispersants on Organisms and Populations

Murawski

Grosell

Smith

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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Following the Deepwater Horizon blowout, oil, degraded oil, oil mixed with dispersants, and management responses to the spill affected a variety of Gulf of Mexico organisms. This review provides examples of various documented impacts, common patterns, and trends across organisms and/or their environments, and discusses future implications as well as directions for future research. Organism effects are generally characterized as lethal and sublethal. Sublethal can be short term, long term, or permanent and multigenerational. We present individual examples of effects on behavioral response, olfaction, vision, cardiac function, and gene shift, based on research done in laboratories, mesocosm settings, and the field. Future research should emphasize collection and analysis of routine toxicological baselines and examine how and if molecular impacts cascade up to populations. This research will require development of rapid molecular tools and testing procedures to determine exposure compared to field-relevant exposure levels and to be able to extrapolate laboratory results to the field, especially given the mosaic of differing contaminant concentrations (below, at, or exceeding critical concentrations that result in lethal or sublethal effects) occurring in the environment. Recent chemical studies have identified a detectable suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites for which there are no toxicity data; further research is needed to determine their impacts on food webs.

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Thermally oxidized steel mesh for oil-water separation application and its automation device

Budiman

Ismardi

Muhammad

et al. 2021

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management

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Ecotoxicology of Deep Ocean Spills

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Long-Term Ecological Impacts from Oil Spills: Comparison of Exxon Valdez, Hebei Spirit, and Deepwater Horizon

Long-Term Ecological Impacts from Oil Spills: Comparison of Exxon Valdez, Hebei Spirit, and Deepwater Horizon

Impacts of Petroleum, Petroleum Components, and Dispersants on Organisms and Populations

Thermally oxidized steel mesh for oil-water separation application and its automation device

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