“…Among various bioassay types, acute toxicity bioassays have been rapidly developing as a preferred tool for environmental risk assessment in recent decades which can detect the adverse effects of a single component or multi-component mixtures in a short period and determine the relationship between dose and effect of toxic substances. Acute toxicity bioassays generally can be conducted with both prokaryote and eukaryote, containing bacteria (Ma et al, 2018 ; Rao et al, 2019 ; Feng et al, 2020 ), algae (Costa et al, 2018 ; Staveley et al, 2018 ), invertebrates (Chen et al, 2020 ; Sackey et al, 2020 ; Vilela et al, 2020 ), vertebrates (Clemow and Wilkie, 2015 ; Thornton et al, 2017 ; Barron et al, 2018 ; Ivey et al, 2019 ), and so on. Inevitably, the application of multicellular organisms exhibits the undesirable limitations of relatively longer operation time and higher cost.…”