Ecotoxicological Analysis of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater Discharges in the Coastal Zone of Cihuatlán (Jalisco, Mexico)

Abstract

This research provides a baseline tool to detect, predict and scientifically evaluate the toxic environmental impact generated by chemical substances that are categorized as emerging contaminants (ECs) with endocrine disruptive action. The present study was carried out in five effluents of wastewater produced by urban and rural settlements of the coastal zone of Cihuatlan, Jalisco. Five compounds, considered ECs and that act as endocrine disruptors, were analyzed: Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Ketorolac, Pentachlorophenol (PCP), and Estradiol. The toxicity level (TEQ) of the ECs is estimated by a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis, evaluating their concentration and assessing the risk involved in the incorporation of each one into the environment. The presence of the ECs was confirmed in all the studied sites. It was attested that the concentrations of pollutants Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Ketorolac, and Pentachlorophenol were within the toxic range, whereas the compound Estradiol was found in concentrations that represent a high toxicity in the same effluents. This research recognizes that the analysis of the physicochemical properties of substances allows for predicting whether a contaminant is likely to act and persist in the environment and, in turn, bioaccumulate in organisms.

Determination of the Bioaccumulative Potential Risk of Emerging Contaminants in Fish Muscle as an Environmental Quality Indicator in Coastal Lagoons of the Central Mexican Pacific

“…Tables 4 and 5 present the average values of the bioconcetration (BCF) and bioaccumulative potential risk (BPR) for the NSAIDs, calculated using Equations (1)-(5) and classified using the Hakanson index. Values were calculated using the tissue sample analysis results, with the average values of NSAID concentrations in effluents reported in 2019 in [21] and the parameters in Table 2. The results of the analysis performed on the muscle tissue of the fishes demonstrated the presence of the pharmaceuticals diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketorolac and naproxen in all the species analyzed at both study sites.…”

“…Tables 4 and 5 present the average values of the bioconcetration (BCF) and bioaccumulative potential risk (BPR) for the NSAIDs, calculated using Equations (1)- (5) and classified using the Hakanson index. Values were calculated using the tissue sample analysis results, with the average values of NSAID concentrations in effluents reported in 2019 in [21] and the parameters in Table 2. Table 4.…”

“…The ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) equipment and chromatographic conditions were used to characterize the ECs as analytes [21]. Eluted analytes were monitored by MS/MS using a Varian model 1200 L triple-quadrupole mass analyzer equipped with an electrospray interface (ESI).…”

Progress in Emerging Contaminants Removal by Adsorption/Membrane Filtration-Based Technologies: A Review

“…They included diclofenac, naproxen, ketorolac, and ibuprofen. Moreover, these compounds were also detected in muscle tissues of 14 fish species, which could end up in bioaccumulation in the environment and organisms (Arguello-Pérez et al, 2019). In another study, the presence of ECs in water bodies was found in Coruña, Galicia (NW Spain).…”

“…It was found from an ecotoxicological analysis. These ECs can contaminate surface water and soil and later cause endocrine changes in organisms living in this ecosystem (Arguello-Pérez et al, 2019). Endocrine disruption chemicals interfere endocrine system by mimicking, disrupting, and blocking the hormone's function (Bolong et al, 2009).…”