Ecotoxicity of xanthene dyes and a non-chlorinated bisphenol in soil

Ritchie, Ellyn; Princz, Juliska; Robidoux, Pierre Yves; Scroggins, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.096

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Binox is a simple hindered phenol and is in the domains of all the models used. Despite the uncertainties with the in silico model predictions, it is interesting that the structural and mechanistic profiling is more or less consistent with the observed soil bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…To help address the paucity of data for organic chemicals, 2 categories were evaluated for their soil toxicity: nonchlorinated bisphenols containing an -OH group (4,4 0 -methylenebis[2,6-di-tert-butylphenol] [Binox, CAS number 118-82-1]), and xanthene dyes (e.g., 2 0 ,4 0 ,5 0 ,7 0 -tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3 0 ,6 0 -dihydroxy-, disodium salt [Phloxine B, CAS number. 18472-87-2]) [1]. Results from that study [1] demonstrated that Binox remained highly stable in a fieldcollected clay loam soil throughout testing but was of low toxicity to soil organisms; Phloxine B was also highly stable within the test soil, but was highly toxic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of the bioaccumulation potential of a nonchlorinated bisphenol and an ionogenic xanthene dye to Eisenia andrei in field‐collected soils, in conjunction with predictive in silico profiling

Princz

Bonnell

Ritchie

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In silico-based model predictions, originating from structural and mechanistic (e.g., transport, bioavailability, reactivity, and binding potential) profiling, were compared against laboratory-derived data to estimate the bioaccumulation potential in earthworms of 2 organic substances (1 neutral, 1 ionogenic) known to primarily partition to soil. Two compounds representative of specific classes of chemicals were evaluated: a nonchlorinated bisphenol containing an -OH group (4,4′-methylenebis[2,6-di-tert-butylphenol] [Binox]), and an ionogenic xanthene dye (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-, disodium salt [Phloxine B]). Soil bioaccumulation studies were conducted using Eisenia andrei and 2 field-collected soils (a clay loam and a sandy soil). In general, the in silico structural and mechanistic profiling was consistent with the observed soil bioaccumulation tests. Binox did not bioaccumulate to a significant extent in E. andrei in either soil type; however, Phloxine B not only accumulated within tissue, but was not depurated from the earthworms during the course of the elimination phase. Structural and mechanistic profiling demonstrated the binding and reactivity potential of Phloxine B; this would not be accounted for using traditional bioaccumulation metrics, which are founded on passive-based diffusion mechanisms. This illustrates the importance of profiling for reactive ionogenic substances; even limited bioavailability combined with reactivity can result in exposures to a hazardous substance not predictable by traditional in silico modeling methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the bioaccumulation potential of a nonchlorinated bisphenol and an ionogenic xanthene dye to Eisenia andrei in field‐collected soils, in conjunction with predictive in silico profiling

Princz

Bonnell

Ritchie

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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show abstract

“…The dyes are primarily photoactivated, affecting enzymes, membrane lipids, and nucleic acids. The ability of these compounds to suppress the superoxide production by macrophages seems to modulate the secretion of protein kinases in tumor cell proliferation and induce the expression of anticarcinogenic enzymes [34,35]. Recent studies have demonstrated that PDT is not restricted to visible light; deep tissue penetration in PDT could also be achieved with near-infrared (NIR) laser radiation, followed by upconversion to higher-energy visible or ultraviolet light in the biological medium [36,37].…”

Section: Interaction Of Light In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normally, PDT requires a source of light in the visible range of light a source of light in the visible range of light spectrum between 600 and 800 nm called "therapeutic window." Today, there are some sources producing visible light in the range of 400-580 nm, due to some natural compounds that absorb light in this range and claim to induce some biological responses, such as curcuminoids and xanthene [33,34]. Both compounds are phenolic structured in highly conjugated systems and can be used as dyes for drugs, cosmetics, and food.…”

Section: Interaction Of Light In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Level Energy Photodynamic Therapy for Skin Processes and Regeneration

Tedesco¹,

Jesus²

2017

Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice

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Skin is the largest human organ and displays multiple functions involving structure and protection against external agents that may affect the body. Solar radiation accelerates the normal aging process and may even cause great damage leading to many different cutaneous diseases and skin cancer. Moreover, a wound in the skin may be an open channel for the access of pathogens usually exposing blood vessels for infections and causing serious complications. For many reasons, regulatory skin processes are of great deal in different approaches: basic antiaging, wound healing, and skin cancer. In a good way, photoprocesses with specific wavelength at low energy levels associated with photoactive compounds are known to cause the opposite effect, promoting the healing of cutaneous diseases and leading to well-defined outcomes in rejuvenation and antiaging. This chapter will discuss the most relevant topics in photo skin regeneration using low energy levels associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), which emerged as a combination to potentialize molecules with the already known effects of PDT and low level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of skin pathologies, known as a photobiomodulation process.

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“…Such materials are often prepared via a photopolymerization mechanism. Xanthene dyes like Erythrosine, Rose Bengal and Eosin, in the presence of electron donors such as tertiary amines, have been described as efficient photoinitiators for the free radical polymerization of acrylate monomers in aqueous solutions . The tertiary amine is used as oxidizing species whereas the dye acts as reducing agent .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrosine/Triethanolamine System to Elaborate Crosslinked Poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate): UV‐Photopolymerization and Swelling Studies

Hamri¹,

Bouchaour²,

Maschke

2014

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary A system composed of Erythrosine and Triethanolamine was applied as photo‐initiator for the UV‐photopolymerization of 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate together with a crosslinking agent 1,6‐Hexanediol diacrylate, in aqueous medium. The analysis of UV‐visible and infrared spectra, which were taken at different times during polymerization/crosslinking, makes it possible to obtain useful information on the reaction mechanism. The swelling behavior of these elaborated crosslinked polymer networks in different solvents is examined. It was found that the disappearance of the Erythrosine molecule depends on the nature of the solvent. The theoretical results calculated with the Fick diffusion model show a good correlation with the swelling experiments.

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Ecotoxicity of xanthene dyes and a non-chlorinated bisphenol in soil

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Estimation of the bioaccumulation potential of a nonchlorinated bisphenol and an ionogenic xanthene dye to Eisenia andrei in field‐collected soils, in conjunction with predictive in silico profiling

Estimation of the bioaccumulation potential of a nonchlorinated bisphenol and an ionogenic xanthene dye to Eisenia andrei in field‐collected soils, in conjunction with predictive in silico profiling

Low Level Energy Photodynamic Therapy for Skin Processes and Regeneration

Erythrosine/Triethanolamine System to Elaborate Crosslinked Poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate): UV‐Photopolymerization and Swelling Studies

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