Ecotoxicity of paint mixtures: Comparison between measured and calculated toxicity

Gade, Anne Lill; Heiaas, Harald; Lillicrap, Adam; Hylland, Ketil

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.011

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Various paints with anticorrosive and antifouling properties were used by local fishermen. Anticorrosive polymer resin paints used on ships contain various inorganic and/or organic chemicals (Hamid, Blustein, Deya, A mo, & Ro magnoli, 2011;Gade, Heiaas, Lillicarp, & Hylland, 2012;Chae et al, 2015) and also antifouling paints (Zhou, Guo, & Hao, 2007;Lin et al, 2008;Chae et al, 2015). The existence of paint related pollutants was verified with our study but the presence of the toxic chemicals in the ship paints was beyond the scope of this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Öztekin¹,

Bat²

2017

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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In this study, microplastic pollution for the first time is reported in the sea surface and water column in Sinop Sarıkum Lagoon coast of the southern Black Sea. Distribution, density and type of microplastics were investigated in the study area where is one of the significant wetlands of the Black Sea. Study was carried out between 2015 and 2016 as seasonally and two types of net for sea surface and water column were used for three different depths. Results showed that microparticle density was 2.6672.325 pieces m⁻ 3 for sea surface and 24.47526.153 pieces m⁻ 3 for water column. The most common material type is ship paints for sampling areas (Sea surface: 55.45%; Water column: 54.21%) followed by fibres, hard plastic pieces and nylons. Our results show that microplastic is found a large amount in the Black Sea and this pollution type is a growing problem in our day. The presence of this pollution type is an important issue and requires further examination about transportation, origins, types and effects on biota.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Untitled

Öztekin¹,

Bat²

2017

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Although they are denser than seawater, paint particles can float due to water surface water tension 38 . A concerning characteristic of paints used on ships and nautical apparatus is the presence of metals such as Cu, Zn and Pb, and booster biocides used to prevent growth of marine organisms such as sessile invertebrates and algae 39,40 . The impacts of paint fragments in the marine environment may be similar to those of plastics in terms of ingestion and contaminant transfer/biomagnification 41 , as well as attachment and transport of epiplastic organisms (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastics in sea surface waters around the Antarctic Peninsula

Lacerda

Rodrigues

Sebille

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

263

118

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Although marine plastic pollution has been the focus of several studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the concentrations, characteristics and impacts of plastics in the oceans. This study aimed to quantify and characterize plastic debris in oceanic surface waters of the Antarctic Peninsula. Sampling was done through surface trawls, and mean debris concentration was estimated at 1,794 items.km −2 with an average weight of 27.8 g.km −2 . No statistical difference was found between the amount of mesoplastics (46%) and microplastics (54%). We found hard and flexible fragments, spheres and lines, in nine colors, composed mostly of polyurethane, polyamide, and polyethylene. An oceanographic dispersal model showed that, for at least seven years, sampled plastics likely did not originate from latitudes lower than 58°S. Analysis of epiplastic community diversity revealed bacteria, microalgae, and invertebrate groups adhered to debris. Paint fragments were present at all sampling stations and were approximately 30 times more abundant than plastics. Although paint particles were not included in plastic concentration estimates, we highlight that they could have similar impacts as marine plastics. We call for urgent action to avoid and mitigate plastic and paint fragment inputs to the Southern Ocean.

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“…Although thermoset polymers with ester groups, such as alkyds and poly(acrylate/styrene), are more likely to be degraded than PE and PP, their dominance as the standing stock in the SML implies that inputs are large enough to maintain a high abundance and/or that their degradation rate is slow. Not only are they capable of absorbing toxic chemicals, but anticorrosive polymer resin paints also contain various toxic chemicals, including heavy metals (e.g., zinc and lead), organometals (e.g., dibutyltins), and organic toxicants (e.g., aromatics). , A screening analysis of the elemental composition in the alkyd particles from the SML using energy-dispersive X-ray revealed high levels of iron (12.9% by weight), lead (7.3%), copper (2.9%), and zinc (1.7%). The water-soluble fraction of polymer paints resulted in the growth inhibition of algae and acute immobilization of water fleas .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only are they capable of absorbing toxic chemicals, but anticorrosive polymer resin paints also contain various toxic chemicals, including heavy metals (e.g., zinc and lead), organometals (e.g., dibutyltins), and organic toxicants (e.g., aromatics). , A screening analysis of the elemental composition in the alkyd particles from the SML using energy-dispersive X-ray revealed high levels of iron (12.9% by weight), lead (7.3%), copper (2.9%), and zinc (1.7%). The water-soluble fraction of polymer paints resulted in the growth inhibition of algae and acute immobilization of water fleas . Alkyd particles may absorb and leach toxic chemicals from or to the surrounding SML water, respectively, but very limited information is available regarding the fate and effects of alkyd polymer particles in marine waters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Accumulation of Micro-sized Synthetic Polymer Particles in the Sea Surface Microlayer

Song

Hong²,

Jang³

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

484

202

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Determining the exact abundance of microplastics on the sea surface can be susceptible to the sampling method used. The sea surface microlayer (SML) can accumulate light plastic particles, but this has not yet been sampled. The abundance of microplastics in the SML was evaluated off the southern coast of Korea. The SML sampling method was then compared to bulk surface water filtering, a hand net (50 μm mesh), and a Manta trawl net (330 μm mesh). The mean abundances were in the order of SML water > hand net > bulk water > Manta trawl net. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified that alkyds and poly(acrylate/styrene) accounted for 81 and 11%, respectively, of the total polymer content of the SML samples. These polymers originated from paints and the fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) matrix used on ships. Synthetic polymers from ship coatings should be considered to be a source of microplastics. Selecting a suitable sampling method is crucial for evaluating microplastic pollution.

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Ecotoxicity of paint mixtures: Comparison between measured and calculated toxicity

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Untitled

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Plastics in sea surface waters around the Antarctic Peninsula

Large Accumulation of Micro-sized Synthetic Polymer Particles in the Sea Surface Microlayer

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