Ecotoxicity and fungal deterioration of recycled polypropylene/wood composites: Effect of wood content and coupling

Sudár, András; López, M.J.; Keledi, Gergely; Vargas-Garcı́a, M.C.; Suárez‐Estrella, F.; Moreno, J.; Burgstaller, Christoph; Pukánszky, Béla

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.019

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This was explained by the later fraction’s longer contact time in the leaching phase and by the swelling of the coatings. Sudár et al [ 61 ] used different dilutions of the eluates for ecotoxicity testing and established dose–response curves. These curves were used to calculate the eluate dilution where 50% of the effect is observed (EC 50 ).…”

Section: Ecotoxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the impact of construction products on the environment by leaching of possibly hazardous substances

et al. 2018

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Construction products are in contact with water (e.g., rain, seepage water) during their service lifetime and may release potentially harmful compounds by leaching processes. Monitoring studies showed that compounds attributed to construction products are found in storm water and the receiving bodies of water and that the release of biocides in urban areas can be comparable to the input of pesticides from agricultural uses. Therefore, a prospective risk assessment of such products is necessary. Laboratory leaching tests have been developed by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 351 and are ready to use. One major task in the future will be the evaluation of the leaching test results, as concentrations found in laboratory experiments are not directly comparable to the field situations. Another task will be the selection of compounds to be considered for construction products, which are often a complex mixture and contain additives, pigments, stabilization agents, etc. The formulations of the products may serve as a starting point, but total content is a poor predictor for leachability, and analysis of the eluates is necessary. In some cases, non-targeted approaches might be required to identify compounds in the eluates. In the identification process, plausibility checks referring to available information should be included. Ecotoxicological tests are a complementary method to test eluates, and the combined effects of all compounds—including degradation products—are included. A bio test battery has been applied in a round robin test and was published in a guidance document. Published studies on the ecotoxicity of construction products show the tests’ suitability to distinguish between products with small and larger effects on the environment.

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Section: Ecotoxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the impact of construction products on the environment by leaching of possibly hazardous substances

et al. 2018

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“…Higher wood contents always increase the fungal susceptibility of WPCs due to wood fiber metabolization by fungus and microorganism, 13,[21][22][23] which then lend to larger weight reductions or more colonization for composites. 24 However, the results of studies about the effects of wood particle size on fungal resistance of WPCs are divergent. Verhey and Laks 25 found that increasing wood particle size resulted in an increasing of weight losses in WPCs due to fungal decay, which probably because of a more effective encapsulation of smaller wood particles by the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fungal decay on properties of mechanical, chemical, and water absorption of wood plastic composites

Feng

Peng

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study investigated the associations between wood species and fungal resistance, as well as the effects of fungal decay on the properties of mechanical, chemical, and water absorption of wood polypropylene composites (WPCs) filled with white poplar, moso-bamboo, Chinese fir, Ramin, white pine, and rubber wood. Experimental results on weight losses and surface morphology both showed that fungal resistance of WPCs varied significantly with wood fiber species. Chinese fir and rubber wood filled composites separately presented the most and least durability against Coriolus versicolor (white rot) and Poria placenta (brown rot). In addition, fungal decay produced great differences in the properties of mechanical, chemical, and water absorptions between non-decayed and decayed composites. The decayed composites showed lower MOR, tensile strength, and impact strength, as well as higher MOE and water absorptions compared with non-decayed samples. These findings suggest that fungal decay could bring out dramatic influences on various properties of WPCs.

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“…Factors affecting fungal and fire resistance include type of polymer, wood/polymer ratio, wood species, and other additives. Previous research has found that zinc borate (ZnB) has various functions, including serving as an antifungal agent and flame retardant, as well as being less soluble. It also has a high processing temperature and is low‐cost and environmentally friendly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much research has been carried out on deterioration of WPC materials by fungal decay. Sudár et al studied the effects of wood content on fungal deterioration of recycled polypropylene/wood composites against a mixture of soft‐rot and stain fungi. The results suggested that wood facilitated fungal colonization, causing slight weight loss of <3%, but it was not correlated with substantial deterioration in material properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy, antifungal efficacies, and physical–mechanical properties for wood/polymer composites containing zinc borate

et al. 2016

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Summary This work aimed to examine flame retardancy, antifungal performance and physical–mechanical properties for silane‐treated wood–polymer composites (WPCs) containing zinc borate (ZnB). ZnB with content from 0.0 to 7.0 wt% was added to WPCs, and silane‐treated wood contents were varied. The polymers used were poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The decay test was performed according to the European standard EN 113. Loweporus sp., a white‐rot fungus, was used for antifungal performance evaluation. Antifungal performance was observed to decrease with wood content. Incorporation of ZnB at 1.0 wt% significantly increased the antifungal performance of WPCs. ZnB content of greater than 1.0 wt% lowered the antifungal properties of WPCs. The results suggested that the wood/PVC composite exhibited better antifungal performance than the wood/HDPE composite. The addition of wood flour to PVC and HDPE decreased flame retardancy, whereas the incorporation of ZnB retained the flame retardancy. ZnB was found to be more appropriate for wood/PVC than wood/HDPE as a result of hydrogen chloride generated from the dehydrochlorination reaction of PVC. The results indicated that the addition of ZnB did not affect the physical‐mechanical properties of neat polymers and the composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Ecotoxicity and fungal deterioration of recycled polypropylene/wood composites: Effect of wood content and coupling

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of the impact of construction products on the environment by leaching of possibly hazardous substances

Evaluation of the impact of construction products on the environment by leaching of possibly hazardous substances

Effects of fungal decay on properties of mechanical, chemical, and water absorption of wood plastic composites

Flame retardancy, antifungal efficacies, and physical–mechanical properties for wood/polymer composites containing zinc borate

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