Ecotoxicity and Biodegradation of Sustainable Environment-Friendly Bone-Glue-Based Adhesive Suitable for Insulation Materials

Kobetičová, Klára; Böhm, Martin; Jerman, Miloš; Dušek, Jaromír; Černý, Robert

doi:10.3390/polym14112209

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Concentrations of caffeine were 10 g or 20 g/L, copper and corundum concentrations were 20 or 40 g/L. These concentrations were selected on the basis of previous toxicity data with molds and fungi [5][6][7][8][9] or according to experience with the preparation of studied composite flax materials (Brejcha, personal communication).…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the use of natural matrices of plant origin in building materials has been growing (kenaf, wood, hemp, coconut, cane and straw) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. One of such straw/s material is linen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For now, however, the flax-based material has not been tested in a mixture with other substances with biocidal effects. Caffeine (1,3,7trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purin-2,6-dion) belongs to the biocidal substances, its effects against the growth of wood-decaying fungi and molds was observed) [5][6][7][8][9][10]. On the other hand, this substance is consumed in drinks and food, drugs, or cosmetics by millions of people each day in the whole world without any problems with healthy if it is used at normal levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance to molds of flax-fiber based materials

Kobetičová,

Nábělková,

Brejcha

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In the present study, the prepared covering material based on flax fibers containing caffeine, nano-copper, or corundum (Al2O3) as a potential biocidal substance was prepared and tested on biological resistance. Two experimental designs were performed: a) the samples were placed in a desiccator at the air humidity of about 90 % and at a temperature of 25 °C for one month. The samples were then transferred to sterile agar and the coverage of the agars and the samples with molds were observed after a week of incubation. All samples were found to be infected. The samples containing copper were the least resistant. b) The samples were placed on sterile agar and the petri dishes were subjected to the fallout method, where both the samples and the agars were insulted by mold spores from the air. The Petri dishes with the samples were then placed in a thermostat in the dark at 25 °C for a week. After the end of the exposure, the samples and agars were observed. The samples were covered by molds with an increasing intensity in the following rank: caffeine sample = corundum sample < Cu sample = control sample = pure flax fibers.

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Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance to molds of flax-fiber based materials

Kobetičová,

Nábělková,

Brejcha

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…In recent years, the use of natural matrices of plant origin in building materials has been growing (kenaf, wood, hemp, coconut, cane and straw) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. One of such straw material is a flax.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of yeasts after exposure to flax-fiber based composite materials

Kobetičová,

Nábělková,

Brejcha

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In the present study, the prepared bio-composite materials based on flax fibers containing caffeine or nano-copper (Cu) or corundum (Al2O3) as a potential biocidal substance were prepared and tested on their toxicity. Two viability tests were performed. Firstly, the screening test based on colouring by Methyl-blue was applied on yeast cells of strain Saccharomyces cerevisae. The number of cells density was observed under microscope and Methyl-blue was then added. Part of the cells coloured in blue and it indicated their death. For this reason, MTT viability assay was performed. The method is based on production of blue product formazan by yeasts after their metabolization of added initial substrate, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-difenyltetrazolium bromide. The intensity of blue-coloured formazan was measured spectrophotometrically at 485 nm. The results indicated that the inhibition of yeasts was increased in the following rate: cu-samples (14-16 %) < flax sample without biocidal substances (21%) = pure flax (23 %) < caffeine-samples (up to 29 %) < corundum-samples (up to 35 %).

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“…Nevertheless, because of the increased environmental awareness of the last decades, which led to a renewed interest in natural materials, a few modern studies can be found on the use of animal glue as surface treatment for conservation, 12 or as sustainable glue for lignocellulosic materials or mineral materials. These lignocellulosic materials were used for compression moldable wood particle boards, 25 rapeseed straws, 26 peat moss, 27 and 3D printable wood. 28 While the mineral materials were utilized for the casting of asphalt, 29 lime mortars, 30 or calcium sulfate, 31 and in concrete 3D printing.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoprocessable Bio-waste-Based Composites from Animal Glue and Lignocellulosic Waste Fibers

Rech,

Nicholas,

Jakobsen

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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This study exploited the use of byproducts from food production and other bio-waste to develop new thermoprocessable polymers and composites. In particular, the thermoprocessability of animal glue, a biopolymer extracted from the bones and skin of animals taken from the waste of meatpacking and tanning industries, was investigated. As animal glue alone does not exhibit thermoplasticity, its plasticization was explored using water as a temporary plasticizer and glycerol as a permanent plasticizer. Optimization showed that at least 30 wt % water was necessary to allow processing of the material, while excessive brittleness was suppressed with 10 wt % glycerol. As a result, the optimized composition provided a bio-based polymer material with Young's modulus of 2.43 GPa, which was thermoprocessable through compression molding at temperatures as low as 50 °C. Its use as a composite matrix was explored using different lignocellulosic waste fibers. In particular, wood flour and bark fibers from the forestry industry, cotton fibers from recycled blue jeans, and seagrass were used. Composites with differently pretreated fibers with sieving sizes ≤0.25 mm, ≤1 mm, and ≤4 mm, as well as fiber contents of 5 to 30 wt %, were prepared, which showed that the fiber size does not significantly affect either mechanical properties or volume shrinkage, yet it drastically affects the viscosity, which increases with the fiber sieving size; therefore a fiber size of ≤0.25 mm was kept for further investigations. Higher fiber content brought a 76% reduction in shrinkage as well as an increase in stiffness by 38% compared to the unfilled matrix. Lastly, melt extrusion 3D printing was utilized as a processing method for the composites with 5 wt % bark or cotton fibers, demonstrating the feasibility of processing these composites on a larger scale and through different thermoprocessing methods.

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Ecotoxicity and Biodegradation of Sustainable Environment-Friendly Bone-Glue-Based Adhesive Suitable for Insulation Materials

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Resistance to molds of flax-fiber based materials

Resistance to molds of flax-fiber based materials

Viability of yeasts after exposure to flax-fiber based composite materials

Thermoprocessable Bio-waste-Based Composites from Animal Glue and Lignocellulosic Waste Fibers

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