Ecotourism and wildlife conservation-related enterprise development by local communities within Southern Africa: Perspectives from the greater Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation, South-Eastern Lowveld, Zimbabwe

Human-carnivore coexistence: factors influencing stakeholder attitudes towards large carnivores and conservation in Zimbabwe

“…The collapse of the tourism industry and poor community integration in biodiversity conservation have so far resulted in little to no TFCA benefits for rural communities (Katerere et al 2001, Munthali 2007). In addition, Zimbabwe's TFCA activities have not been formalized at local level and there is low community awareness of the opportunities TFCAs provide for wildlife-based enterprises and conservation projects (Zanamwe et al 2018). The socio-economic development objective of TFCAs is probably the most challenging to realize, however, TFCAs have hitherto resulted in the mobilization of substantial financial resources and harmonization of policies (Katerere et al 2001, Munthali 2007.…”

Effects of Institutional Arrangements and Policies on Community Participation in Wildlife Tourism in Africa

“…These policies additionally highlight the significance of the protected areas to the livelihoods of the communities, acknowledging that communities should derive benef its such as job creation and sustainable livelihoods. Essentially, many studies accentuate the importance of viewing protected areas alongside their cultural and social ties to the host communities, delineating the change to including communities' views and opinions in the planning and management activities regarding the protected areas (Mellon & Bramwell, 2016;Sabuhoro et al, 2017;Zanamwe et al, 2018;Atanga, 2019) .…”

“…This emerges as the result of protected areas being located within the rural regions of countries, often characterized with low development, high levels of poverty and the lack of effective initiatives to combat these socio-economic conditions (Bhatasara et al, 2013;Belicia & Islam, 2018;Black & Cobbinah, 2018). Consequently, wildlife tourism, based on the principles of sustainable development, conservation and community inclusion, has been positioned as a powerful tool for job creation, poverty alleviation, sustainable livelihoods and local economic development for communities residing adjacent protected areas (Bhatasara et al, 2013;Larkin, 2014;Cobbinah et al, 2015;Mbaiwa, 2017;Snyman, 2017;UNCTAD, 2017;Black & Cobbinah, 2018;Kimbu & Tichaawa, 2018;Markwell, 2018;Panta & Thapa, 2018;Zanamwe et al, 2018). Protected areas are recognized as being crucial to the sustainable growth of countries within this region, owing to their competitive advantage in wildlife features and the ability to generate substantial revenues.…”

“…Transfrontier parks are characterised by their multilayer of interests, including bordering communities, governments, international donors and NGOs, as well as the tourism industry (Ramutsindela, 2007;Bhatasara et al, 2013). In this regard, Transfrontier Parks are frequently criticised over their political and institutional nature, in which several studies question the capacity of these protected areas to contribute to job creation and poverty alleviation in host communities as their introduction has since severely marginalised surrounding communities (Ramutsindela, 2007;Bhatasara et al, 2013;Schoon, 2013;Chiutsi & Saarinen, 2017;Zanamwe et al, 2018). Moreover, Chiutsi & Saarinen (2017) maintain that transfrontier parks cannot contribute to socio-economic development, through wildlife tourism, without adequate community participation to derive the conceptualised benefits.…”

Coral reef conservation incentives and revenue sharing

“…Policy approaches 7 adopted to conserve natural resources, designating protected areas to preserve biodiversity and to conserve the endangered natural resource, and thereby encouraging its resiliency, have been explored (Hilmi et al, 2017; Tanaka, 2019). Researchers argue that this “fences and fines” approach to conservation (particularly in developing countries with a history of colonialism) alienates local residents from the resource and undermines intrinsic interest in preserving the natural resource (Bluwstein and Lund, 2018; DeCaro and Stokes, 2008; Zanamwe et al, 2018). Instead, researchers have promoted natural resource management schemes that engage the cooperative efforts of local residents in conservation programs geared at creating a sustainable resource environment.…”