Ecotone characteristics of a southern Appalachian Mountain wetland

Stine, Melanie B.; Resler, Lynn M.; Campbell, James B.

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2011.02.006

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…하지만 희소성에도 불구하고 인간 행위와 지구온난화에 의해 위협 받고 있을 뿐만아니라 (Teferi, 2010;Stine et al, 2011 (Gorham and Rochefort, 2003;Teferi, 2010), 이용을 위한 배수와 이에 따른 침식이 가장 심각한 영향을 미친다고 하였다 (Chapman et al, 2003;Durmuş et al, 2013). 이와 더불어 최근의 도로건설 및 확장, 여가를 위한 개발 뿐만아니라 상업적인 이용으 로 인해 훼손과 질적 저하는 가속화되고 있다 (Murdock, 1994).…”

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Vegetational Characteristics and Management Measures of the North-gate Mountainous Wetland, Mt. Geumjeong

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

2015

J. People Plants Environ.

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The mountainous wetlands of Korea face a crisis due to deterioration from a natural succession posed by both arid climate and human activity. In response, governmental sources must determine the best path toward protecting mountainous wetlands from these damaging threats. Accordingly, this study was conducted to gather basic data, such as the wetland status in regard to the region's environmental ecology, coupled with extant disturbances, in order to comprehend the mountainous wetland ecosystem. The study defined and accelerated a methodology in which to efficiently conserve and manage these valuable wetlands. According to the results of a topographic survey, 80% of the wetland presents a 5°sloping angle, which may be described as flat. The wetland consisted of accumulated peat, positioned over a granite basis. As a result, the research site will maintain the current status, unless a method is found to cause the water to flow out abruptly. The regional flora is composed of 41 families, 104 genera, and 143 species, especially Molinia japonica, Sium ninsi, and Leucanthemella linearis. These three species are the most valuable of the group. The actual vegetation of the wetland-dependent grassland (14.22%), such as Molinia japonica, Isachne globosa, Carex spp., and others, as well as species in the arid grassland (12.56%) consisting of Miscanthus sinensis and Eragrostis multicaulis, etc., are representative. However, in mixed vegetation areas, the species Molinia japonica blended with Miscanthus sinensis causes concern for the continuance of arid shrubs, which have proved highly desirable for processing the arid soil. Finally, vegetations valuable for preservation are diminishing steadily due to a lack of water flow, human usage, and soil inflow as deforestation occurs on-site. Symptoms of an ongoing arid process were evidenced as arid vegetation such as Miscanthus sinensis, Rodendendron yedoense var. poukhanense, etc. broadened seriously. For the longevity of our valued wetlands, this study found a paramount need to address and thereby diminish these damaging factors. In retrospect, for the sound maintenance of a sustainable mountainous wetland, it is essential to execute exact management measures, inclusive of preventing the inflow of soil and organic matter, connecting the surface and subterranean waters, and prohibiting the widening of the damage inflicted on the area by arid vegetation and human activity.

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Vegetational Characteristics and Management Measures of the North-gate Mountainous Wetland, Mt. Geumjeong

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

2015

J. People Plants Environ.

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“…High-elevation peatlands of the central Appalachian Mountains are a southern extension of contemporary boreal ecosystems commonly associated with bogs and fens Snyder et al, 2006;Stewart and Nilsen, 1993;Stine et al, 2011;Whitehead, 1965). Some central Appalachian geographic niches are similar climatically to numerous northern boreal peatlands , with abundant moisture and relatively low temperature (Sencindiver et al, 2015;Vogel and Leffler, 2015;Western Regional Climate Center, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allegheny Mountain peatlands have a rich biodiversity comprised partially of relict populations of once widespread boreal flora (Russell et al, 2009;Wieder et al, 1981). Biodiversity, prior to logging, resulted from dynamically changing landscapes and vegetation during the latest Pleistocene and Holocene climatic fluctuations (Barrington and Paris, 2007;Delcourt and Delcourt, 1986;Martin and Germain, 2016;Russell et al, 2009;Stine et al, 2011).…”

Section: Paleoecology and Development History Have Been Published Prementioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-elevation peatlands of the central Appalachian Mountains are a southern extension of contemporary boreal ecosystems commonly associated with bogs and fens Snyder et al, 2006;Stewart and Nilsen, 1993;Stine et al, 2011;Whitehead, 1965). Peatlands act as archives of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic proxies, serve as both sinks (CO2) and sources (CO2 and CH4) of greenhouse gases, and represent a substantial worldwide carbon pool, making them scientifically valuable to understand past, current, and future global and local climates Langdon et al, 2013;Loisel and Garneau, 2010;Warren et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2011Zauft et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central Appalachian peatlands are a southern extension of contemporary boreal ecosystems commonly associated with bogs and fens Stine et al, 2011;Whitehead, 1965). Allegheny Mountain peatlands range in size from a few hectares to a few hundred hectares .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peatlands and Histosols in Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia

Schaney¹

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Peatlands and Histosols in Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia Mitzy L. Schaney Canaan Valley in West Virginia contains a greater area of peatlands than any other locality in the mid-Atlantic Highlands. Extensive fieldwork focused on peat stratigraphy and pedology, combined with high-resolution radiocarbon dating, was used to evaluate five peatlands within Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge (CVNWR) in the central Appalachian Mountains. One hundred soil cores were profiled and described, 30 with laboratory data, including 52 radiocarbon dates. Calibrated basal peat dates among the five mapped peatlands indicate a late Pleistocene timeframe for the onset of peat genesis, ranging from ~18,600 to ~15,200 cal yr BP. The dates for peat initiation are older than those published previously from other central Appalachian Mountain peatlands. Peat accumulation rates varied from 0.02 mm/yr to 1.34 mm/yr with a mean of 0.14 mm/yr. Results of age-depth profiles show similar trends in peat accumulation: moderately high peat accumulation during the late Pleistocene, below average peat accumulation in the early Holocene, the slowest peat accumulation (if any) during the mid-Holocene, and rapid peat accumulation in the early late Holocene. Very few samples were collected correlating to the last 2,000 years; however, those few suggest a possible decrease in peat accumulation. CVNWR peatlands hold pedomemory of latest Pleistocene and Holocene climatic fluctuations in the central Appalachian Mountains. The field investigation revealed a distinct pattern of organic soil horizons throughout five study peatlands. The anaerobic lower portion of the peat soil profile consists of varied thicknesses of a combination of hemic and sapric soil materials, characteristically layered as a hemic horizon, underlain by a sapric horizon, underlain

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Factors influencing the establishment and growth of tree seedlings at Subarctic alpine treelines

Kambo

Danby

2018

Ecosphere

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Citation: Kambo, D., and R. K. Danby. 2018. Factors influencing the establishment and growth of tree seedlings at Subarctic alpine treelines. Ecosphere 9(4):e02176. 10.1002/ecs2.2176Abstract. Significant treeline advance can only occur with successful establishment, growth, and survival of new seedlings. Several studies have examined microsite factors at single locations to explain the presence/ absence of seedlings at treeline. We conducted a much larger observational study and included multiple factors to determine (1) which variable(s) was/were most important, (2) whether their importance differed between aspects, and (3) whether the same variables explained variation in seedling growth and damage. We analyzed five biophysical and six shrub variables along four forest-tundra ecotones in southwest Yukon at 640 points. The model that best explained seedling occurrence was similar between north-and southfacing slopes. Of all variables, seedling occurrence was best explained by the proximity, height, and upslope orientation of shrubs (relative to the seedling). The data indicate an optimal range of shrub cover, which differed with aspect. On north-facing slopes, seedlings occurred most often when shrub cover exceeded 13%, while on south-facing slopes seedlings occurred most when shrub cover was between 9% and 72%. We also found that with the exception of shrub-related factors, very few biophysical variables explained size and growth characteristics and damage of tree seedlings, suggesting that the relative strength and importance of variables change depending on the life stage and size of the tree seedling. Collectively, our results demonstrate a non-random distribution of seedlings in the forest-tundra ecotone, suggesting that as shrub distributions change with climate change, colonization sites for seedlings will also be influenced.

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Ecotone characteristics of a southern Appalachian Mountain wetland

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Vegetational Characteristics and Management Measures of the North-gate Mountainous Wetland, Mt. Geumjeong

Vegetational Characteristics and Management Measures of the North-gate Mountainous Wetland, Mt. Geumjeong

Peatlands and Histosols in Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia

Factors influencing the establishment and growth of tree seedlings at Subarctic alpine treelines

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