Ecosystem Services of Coastal Dune Systems for Hazard Mitigation: Case Studies from Vietnam, Indonesia, and Chile

Coastal dune mobility over the past century: A global review

“…In China, lagoons and dunes along the coast have disappeared due to residential, industrial and road constructions since the 1950s. Similar urban expansion and dune loss also took place in Belgium (Provoost and Van Landuyt, 2001; Van der Biest et al, 2017), Italy (Malavasi et al, 2013), Turkey (Kemal Sönmez et al, 2009), Mexico (Martínez et al, 2014), Brazil (Marcomini et al, 2017;Mendes and Giannini, 2015) and Chile (Nehren et al, 2016).…”

“…However, dunes on the Valdes Peninsula drylands are still active, with little change in the bare sand surface during 1969-2002, due to the intensive grazing there (Del Valle et al, 2008). The dunes of Ritoque in the central coast of Chile also experienced stabilisation during the last century, caused by planting, urbanisation and road construction (Nehren et al, 2016). The construction of artificial dunes by fencing, followed by marram grass planting for dune stabilisation was also conducted in some sites along the central Chilean coast (Castro, 1988).…”

“…Stabilisation was also observed in southeast Vietnam as a result of land reclamation for agricultural use (Quang-Minh et al, 2010;Sharma, 1990), grass planting (Nehren et al, 2017; Tan Van et al, 2003) and tourism development (Geissler et al, 2011). Increase of dune stability in Parangtritis, Indonesia, was caused by tourism urbanisation since the 1980s (Nehren et al, 2016). In India, mobile coastal dunes in the Cauvery delta were largely stabilised in 1980 and converted into plantations and cultivation lands (Alappat et al, 2011).…”

“…Coastal tourism, recreational pressures and the construction of tourist facilities, which intensified towards the end of the 19th century, have caused significant destruction of coastal dunes (Alcántara-Carrió and Alonso, 2002;Sytnik and Stecchi, 2015). A loss of coastal dune by 40-80% in Greece, by >95% in Morocco and by 85% in Indonesia was caused by tourism development (Doody, 2012;El Mrini et al, 2012;Nehren et al, 2016). Besides, resorts can also alter dune mobility by impacting the aeolian dynamics -for example, a shadow zone formed at the lee side of a resort in the Canary Islands, decreasing aeolian sediment transport and resulting in the increase of dune stability (García-Romero et al, 2019;Hernández-Cordero et al, 2018).…”

Assessments of Sand Dune Ecosystem Service Potential from Son Tra (Da Nang) to Tam Ky (Quang Nam)

“…-Dịch vụ văn hóa là lợi ích phi vật chất từ hệ sinh thái như bảo đảm sức khỏe thể chất, làm giàu đời sống tinh thần, phát triển nhận thức, sự suy nghĩ, giá trị giải trí, du lịch sinh thái, giá trị thẩm mĩ, cảm hứng văn hóa, nghệ thuật và thiết kế, trải nghiệm tâm linh và bản sắc địa phương. Trong hệ sinh thái đụn cát, sáu loại DVHST văn hóa thường được chú ý: (1) giải trí và du lịch, (2) thẩm mỹ cảnh quan, (3) hệ thống tri thức, (4) di sản văn hóa, (5) bản sắc khu vực và (6) di sản thiên nhiên [7].…”